The National Marine Fisheries Service’s National Bycatch Strategy

The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) launched its National Bycatch Strategy (NBS) in March 2003 in response to the continued fisheries management challenge posed by fisheries bycatch. NMFS has several strong mandates for fish and protected species bycatch reduction, including the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, the Endangered Species Act, and the Marine Mammal Protection Act. Despite efforts to address bycatch during the 1990’s, NMFS was petitioned in 2002 to count, cap, and control bycatch. The NBS initiated as part of NMFS’s response to the petition for rulemaking contained six components: 1) assess bycatch progress, 2) develop an approach to standardized bycatch reporting methodology, 3) develop bycatch implementation plans, 4) undertake education and outreach, 5) develop new international approaches to bycatch, and 6) identify new funding requirements. The definition of bycatch for the purposes of the NBS proved to be a contentious issue for NMFS, but steady progress is being made by the agency and its partners to minimize bycatch to the extent practicable

Justice Wilson and the Charter: An Engagement to Keep

Justice Wilson was a serious scholar of the Charter who confronted its flashpoints, including social change, the proper relationship between the individual and the state, and judicial deference. Her engagement with the Charter is an exemplar for our own. She, along with other key members of the early Court, constructed a framework of Charter interpretation which constitutes a lasting legacy. There was an active commitment to judicial review of legislation in light of Charter rights. The common law, the rights jurisprudence of other countries and framers’ intent were not determinative of Charter rights. Instead, interpretation was driven by a purposive approach to rights grounded in social reality as demonstrated by the effect of the law and evidence. Where Justice Wilson states that section 7 requires the judiciary to protect individuals’ choices from government interference, her approach amounts to judicial colonization of a country’s decision-making. However, elsewhere she sounds a quieter note, restricting section 7 to important decisions intimately affecting private lives, notably parent-child relations and health and medical decisions. This quieter note has resonated in subsequent Supreme Court judgments which have relied on her work when protecting important and fundamental life choices in these areas. She held the government to a high standard for justifying the breach of rights under section 1. While she was not an Oakes absolutist and was prepared to allow the government to protect the vulnerable, generally she felt that deference to the legislature and judicial review were incompatible and that justifications based on pragmatic considerations, cost and administrative convenience must fail. Her strict approach to section 1 meant that she failed to fully grapple with the full Charter equation which requires us both to protect rights and to identify what we value in a democracy other than rights

Justice Wilson and the Charter: An Engagement to Keep

Justice Wilson was a serious scholar of the Charter who confronted its flashpoints, including social change, the proper relationship between the individual and the state, and judicial deference. Her engagement with the Charter is an exemplar for our own. She, along with other key members of the early Court, constructed a framework of Charter interpretation which constitutes a lasting legacy. There was an active commitment to judicial review of legislation in light of Charter rights. The common law, the rights jurisprudence of other countries and framers’ intent were not determinative of Charter rights. Instead, interpretation was driven by a purposive approach to rights grounded in social reality as demonstrated by the effect of the law and evidence. Where Justice Wilson states that section 7 requires the judiciary to protect individuals’ choices from government interference, her approach amounts to judicial colonization of a country’s decision-making. However, elsewhere she sounds a quieter note, restricting section 7 to important decisions intimately affecting private lives, notably parent-child relations and health and medical decisions. This quieter note has resonated in subsequent Supreme Court judgments which have relied on her work when protecting important and fundamental life choices in these areas. She held the government to a high standard for justifying the breach of rights under section 1. While she was not an Oakes absolutist and was prepared to allow the government to protect the vulnerable, generally she felt that deference to the legislature and judicial review were incompatible and that justifications based on pragmatic considerations, cost and administrative convenience must fail. Her strict approach to section 1 meant that she failed to fully grapple with the full Charter equation which requires us both to protect rights and to identify what we value in a democracy other than rights

Music as a birthright: Chicago's Old Town School of Folk Music and participatory music making in the twenty-first century

The Old Town School of Folk Music (OTSFM), founded in 1957 on Chicago???s North Side, has over the course of its history developed pedagogies and social practices to transform its urban, cosmopolitan students from music consumers to music participants. By the 2000s, it had become the largest not-for-profit folk arts organization in the United States, offering affordable classes in a wide variety of multiethnic music and dance traditions to about 6,000 adults and children each week, as well as a concert series, a music festival, and other events and services. Despite its scale, engendering tensions between the discourses of late-capitalist, corporate management styles and those of egalitarian, anti-commercialist folk revival values, it continued to foster and sustain intimate, music-based communities within its walls. Fundamentally, my dissertation is a biography of an institution. It illustrates the way that institutional structure and strategy can facilitate and even shape face-to-face, amateur, participatory music making, in a society where music is most commonly understood to be a professional pursuit. The Old Town School has consistently committed to the core principle, rooted in the leftist values of the Popular Front of the 1930s and 1940s, that music is a social, participatory experience accessible to all, not the preserve of a professionalized elite, but everyone???s birthright. This dissertation explores the processes and means???cultural, pedagogical, historical and material???by which OTSFM has pursued this principle. It has three purposes: the first is historical, tracing the Old Town School???s story from its roots in the 1930s through the end of the twentieth century; the second is ethnographic, examining social music-making and learning at the School in the early twenty-first century; and the third is biographical, to show throughout how learning to become social participants in music changes individual human lives. ?? I contextualize OTSFM???s history within several larger narratives of U.S. and Chicago music and social history, highlighting Chicago???s distinctive contribution to the folk revival and how the School has been implicated in neighborhood gentrification processes. Drawing connections from the political and popular strains of mid-century folk revivals to the rise of rock music, world music, and other trends of the late twentieth century, I argue, through the example of the Old Town School???s story, that the most enduring legacy of these folk revivals is in the musical and social processes it introduced into middle-class, cosmopolitan America, a legacy that extends far beyond the original political or aesthetic orientations of the revivalists. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork I conducted in 2004-2005, I show how the Old Town School???s participatory ethos, which values music making as inclusive, social, egalitarian, and rooted in tradition, and has promoted an educational approach that prioritizes orally-based group learning, as exemplified by OTSFM???s distinctive tradition of the Second Half, a nightly, multi- level sing-along and jam session, as well as classes and other social and educational environments. This is a study of fun and friendship in music, exploring how the skills for building musical friendships can be developed in place of competitive models of music learning, and how this contributes to the overall well-being of individuals, relationships, and communities. ?

Nurse Practitioners\u27 Attitudes and Knowledge Toward CPT Coding

This survey of nurse practitioners (NPs) determined their knowledge and attitudes regarding Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. Overall, NPs lacked the requisite knowledge and did not perceive the significance of this essential reimbursement strategy

Was Anyone Out There Watching Last Night? : The Creation and Early History of New England Sport Network, 1980-1989

In the United States, regional sports networks broadcast games of home teams to audiences in specific communities, or geographical areas. Ownership of regional sports network by sports teams presents a unique type of vertical integration. Regional sports networks use distinctive programming to connect to local sports culture. This dissertation explores the historical significance of New England Sports Network (NESN), a team created, owned and operated regional sports network, which broadcasts Boston Red Sox baseball games and Boston Bruins hockey games throughout the New England region. Using elements of cultural studies, specifically political economy and textual analysis, this dissertation examines the impact of the ownership structure of NESN on NESN programming and how NESN uses programming to connect to local sports culture. This dissertation employs the theoretical frameworks of the sports/media complex and the base and superstructure model to support the argument that regional sports networks function not only on an economic level, but on a political economic and cultural level as well. Historically, NESN is the first successful team created, owned and operated regional sports network. NESN\u27s creation established a new form of sports media ownership where sports team owners could essentially form private media corporations to increase earnings and extend operations across industries. NESN utilizes specific visual and aural techniques to differentiate NESN programming from other national and regional sports broadcasters. NESN also uses the same techniques to connect to local sports culture and to the everyday lives of sports consumers. The televised sports text offers NESN a space where the network can function on both a political economic and cultural level. Additionally, NESN presents a real world example of how the sports/media complex has become a more intricate theoretical framework

Learning from First-Generation Qualitative Approaches in the IS Discipline: An Evolutionary View and Some Implications for Authors and Evaluators (PART 1/2)

Qualitative research in the information systems (IS) discipline has come a long way, from being dismissed as “exploratory research” or “preresearch,” not worthy of being featured in “scientific” and authoritative journals in the discipline, to a state where such research is seen as legitimate and even welcome scholarship within much of the mainstream IS research community. Despite these very positive developments in line with the value of pluralism that our discipline has embraced, and the gradual inclusion of qualitative work in high-profile mainstream outlets, recent editorials have expressed concerns regarding the research community’s lack of awareness about the diverse nature of qualitative research and the apparent confusion regarding how these diverse approaches are different. Such confusion has led to a mismatch between the methodology-related expectations of evaluators and the methodological description provided by the authors (Conboy et al. 2012; Sarker et al. 2013a). To help make sense of the situation, in this editorial, we offer a critical commentary on the arena of qualitative research in the IS discipline. In viewing the adoption of qualitative research in the IS discipline as an evolutionary process, by highlighting key differences among various types of qualitative inquiry, and by drawing attention to lessons learned from the first-generation of qualitative approaches adopted in the IS discipline, we offer a number of implications for both authors and evaluators of qualitative manuscripts

Exploring the Antimicrobial and Antifouling Properties of Secondary Metabolites Produced by Serratia marcescens

Microbiolog