Holographic Entanglement Entropy with Momentum Relaxation

We studied the holographic entanglement entropy for a strip and sharp wedge entangling regions in momentum relaxation systems. In the case of strips, we found analytic and numerical results for the entanglement entropy and showed the effect on the minimal surface by the electric field. We also studied the entanglement entropy of wedges and confirmed that there is a linear change in the electric field. This change is proportional to the thermoelectric conductivity, $\bar\alpha$, that can be measured.Comment: 22 pages and 15 figures, enlarged version with clarifications, references adde

Whole-genome sequencing of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from the first listeriosis foodborne outbreak in South Korea

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that causes listeriosis in humans with severe symptoms. In South Korea, listeriosis had only been reported sporadically among hospitalized patients until the first foodborne outbreak occurred in 2018. In this study, a L. monocytogenes strain responsible for this outbreak (FSCNU0110) was characterized via whole genome sequencing and compared with publicly available L. monocytogenes genomes of the same clonal complex (CC). Strain FSCNU0110 belonged to multilocus sequence typing (MLST)-based sequence type 224 and CC224, and core genome MLST-based sublineage 6,178. The strain harbored tetracycline resistance gene tetM, four other antibiotic resistance genes, and 64 virulence genes, including Listeria pathogenicity island 1 (LIPI-1) and LIPI-3. Interestingly, llsX in LIPI-3 exhibited a characteristic SNP (deletion of A in position 4, resulting in a premature stop codon) that was missing among all CC224 strains isolated overseas but was conserved among those from South Korea. In addition, the tetM gene was also detected only in a subset of CC224 strains from South Korea. These findings will provide an essential basis for assessing the characteristics of CC224 strains in South Korea that have shown a potential to cause listeriosis outbreaks

Preparative Synthesis of dTDP-L-Rhamnose Through Combined Enzymatic Pathways

dTDP-L-rhamnose, an important precursor of O-antigen, was prepared on a large scale from dTMP by executing an one-pot reaction in which six enzymes are involved. Two enzymes, dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose 3,5-epimerase and dTDP-4-keto-rhamnose reductase, responsible for the conversion of dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxy- D-glucose to dTDP-L-rhamnose, were isolated from their putative sequences in the genome of Mesorhizobium loti, functionally expressed in Escherichia coli, and their enzymatic activities were identified. The two enzymes were combined with an enzymatic process for dTDP-4- keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose involving TMP kinase, acetate kinase, dTDP-glucose synthase, and dTDP-glucose 4,6- dehydratase, which allowed us to achieve a preparative scale synthesis of dTDP-L-rhamnose using dTMP and glucose-1-phosphate as starting materials. About 82% yield of dTDP-L-rhamnose was obtained based on initial dTMP concentration at 20 mM dTMP, 1 mM ATP, 10 mM NADH, 60 mM acetyl phosphate, and 80 mM glucose-1- phosphate. From the reaction with 20 ml volume, approximately 180 mg of dTDP-L-rhamnose was obtained in an overall yield of 60% after two-step purification, that is, anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration for desalting. The purified product was identifiedbyHPLC, ESI-MS,andNMR,showingabout95%purity

Multi-Color Luminescence Transition of Upconversion Nanocrystals via Crystal Phase Control with SiO2 for High Temperature Thermal Labels

Upconversion nanocrystals (UCNs)-embedded microarchitectures with luminescence color transition capability and enhanced luminescence intensity under extreme conditions are suitable for developing a robust labeling system in a high-temperature thermal industrial process. However, most UCNs based labeling systems are limited by the loss of luminescence owing to the destruction of the crystalline phase or by a predetermined luminescence color without color transition capability. Herein, an unusual crystal phase transition of UCNs to a hexagonal apatite phase in the presence of SiO2 nanoparticles is reported with the enhancements of 130-fold green luminescence and 52-fold luminance as compared to that of the SiO2-free counterpart. By rationally combining this strategy with an additive color mixing method using a mask-less flow lithography technique, single to multiple luminescence color transition, scalable labeling systems with hidden letters-, and multi-luminescence colored microparticles are demonstrated for a UCNs luminescence color change-based high temperature labeling system

End of the World Perspective to BCFT

In this work, we study the end-of-the-world (EOW) branes anchored to the boundaries of BCFT${}_2$ dual to the BTZ black hole. First, we explore the thermodynamics of the boundary system consisting of the conformal boundary and two EOW branes. This thermodynamics is extended by the tension appearing as the effective cosmological constant of JT black holes on the EOW branes. The tension contribution is identified with the shadow entropy equivalent to the boundary entropy of the BCFT${}_2$. The thermodynamics of the JT black holes and the bulk of BCFT${}_2$ can be combined into a novel grafted thermodynamics based on the first law. Second, we focus on the observer's view of the EOW branes by lowering the temperature. We show that the EOW branes generate a scale called ``reefs" inside the horizon. This scale also appears in the grafted thermodynamics. At high temperatures, observers on the EOW branes see their respective event horizons. The reef starts to grow relatively to the horizon size at the temperature, $T_{grow}$. As the temperature cools down the reef area fills the entire interior of the JT black holes at the temperature $T_{out}$. Then, the observers recognize their horizons disappear and see the large density of the energy flux. At this temperature, the two JT regions become causally connected. This connected spacetime has two asymptotic $AdS_2$ boundaries with a conformal matter. Also, we comment on the grafted thermodynamics to higher dimensions in Appendix B.Comment: 29 pages, 9 figure