An Efficient Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution System using Silicon Nanomaterials with Ultra‐High Aspect Ratios

We fabricated ultra‐high aspect ratio silicon nanomaterials, including a silicon nanomesh and silicon nanowire array, on a wafer scale for efficient photoelectrochemical hydrogen production. These silicon nanomaterials (feature size≈20 nm) possess a high aspect ratio to increase the optical absorptivity of the cells to approximately 95 % over a broad range of wavelengths. The silicon nanomesh and Si nanowire cells achieved high photocurrent values of 13 and 28 mA cm −2 , respectively, which are increased by 200 % and 570 % in comparison to their bulk counterparts. In addition, these scalable Si nanomaterials remained stable for up to 100 min of hydrogen evolution. Detailed studies on the doping and geometrical structures of the resulting hydrogen evolution cells suggest that both the n +  pp + doping and thickness of nanostructures are keys to the enhancement of the hydrogen evolution efficiency. The results obtained in this work show that these silicon nanomaterials can be used for high‐performance water‐splitting system applications. The straight doping: Wafer‐scale ultra‐high aspect ratio Si nanomesh/nanowires (feature size≈20 nm) were fabricated and utilized to produce an efficient photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution system. The Si nanomesh cell yielded extreme optical absorptivity, high external quantum efficiency, and high photocurrent. Detailed studies suggest that both the n +  pp + doping and thickness of nanostructures are keys to the enhancement of the hydrogen evolution efficiency.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109595/1/ente_201402074_sm_miscellaneous_information.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109595/2/889_ftp.pd

Gender and age group modified association of dental health indicators with total occlusal force among Korean elders

Background This study aimed to investigate the distribution of objective total occlusal force (TOF) and its association with dental health indicators: dental status, number of natural teeth (NT), natural and rehabilitated teeth, natural posterior teeth (NT-Post), and natural and rehabilitated posterior teeth among Korean elders after controlling for various confounders encompassing socio-demographic factors, behavioral factors and health/oral health factors. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited 551 elders from the Sungbook-Gu health education cohort. TOF was measured using Prescale II as an outcome variable. Dental health indicators assessed by dentists were the main explanatory variables. Analysis of covariance and multivariable linear regression models were applied to evaluate the adjusted association of dental health indicators with TOF. Gender and age group stratified analyses were also applied. Result TOF was higher in dentate elders than denture wearers in males and younger elders. The adjusted mean of TOF and standard error was 464.24 ± 17.15 N for dentate elders, 297.15 ± 28.85 N for partial denture wearers, 280.42 ± 47.71 N for complete denture wearers. Among all dental health indicators, NT-Post showed the highest association with TOF (partial r = 0.330, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.15), followed by NT (partial r = 0.329, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.16). Older elders highlighted the association of NT (partial r = 0.37, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.18). Males decreased the association of NT (partial r = 0.30, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.20) and NT-Post (partial r = 0.29, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.20). Conclusion TOF was significantly associated with dental health indicators, and its association was modified by sex and age group.This study had fnancial support through HDK from the National Research Foundation (NRF) of the Ministry of Science and ICT, Korea (NRF2017M3A9B6062986) and the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Preven‑tion (2018P330400) that did not do anything for the submitted work

Nanostructured Iron Sulfide/N, S Dual-Doped Carbon Nanotube-Graphene Composites as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Nanostructured FeS dispersed onto N, S dual-doped carbon nanotube-graphene composite support (FeS/N,S:CNT-GR) was prepared by a simple synthetic method. Annealing an ethanol slurry of Fe precursor, thiourea, carbon nanotube, and graphene oxide at 973 K under N-2 atmosphere and subsequent acid treatment produced FeS nanoparticles distributed onto the N, S-doped carbon nanotube-graphene support. The synthesized FeS/N,S:CNT-GR catalyst exhibited significantly enhanced electrochemical performance in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) compared with bare FeS, FeS/N,S:GR, and FeS/N,S:CNT with a small half-wave potential (0.827 V) in an alkaline electrolyte. The improved ORR performance, comparable to that of commercial Pt/C, could be attributed to synergy between the small FeS nanoparticles with a high activity and the N, S-doped carbon nanotube-graphene composite support providing high electrical conductivity, large surface area, and additional active sites

Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT) Lymphoma of the Lung Showing Mosaic Pattern of Inhomogeneous Attenuation on Thin-section CT: A Case Report

The authors present a case of histologically proven bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) lymphoma of the lung in a patient with primary Sjögren's syndrome that manifested on thin-section CT scan as a mosaic pattern of inhomogeneous attenuation due to mixed small airway and infiltrative abnormalitie

Transparent conducting film fabricated by metal mesh method with Ag and cu@ag mixture nanoparticle pastes

Transparent conducting electrode film is highly desirable for application in touch screen panels (TSPs), flexible and wearable displays, sensors, and actuators. A sputtered film of indium tin oxide (ITO) shows high transmittance (90%) at low sheet resistance (50 ??/cm2). However, ITO films lack mechanical flexibility, especially under bending stress, and have limitation in application to large-area TSPs (over 15 inches) due to the trade-off in high transmittance and low sheet resistance properties. One promising solution is to use metal mesh-type transparent conducting film, especially for touch panel application. In this work, we investigated such inter-related issues as UV imprinting process to make a trench layer pattern, the synthesis of core-shell-type Ag and Cu@Ag composite nanoparticles and their paste formulation, the filling of Ag and Cu@Ag mixture nanoparticle paste to the trench layer, and touch panel fabrication processes

Fabrication of graphene-based electrode in less than a minute through hybrid microwave annealing

Highly efficient and stable MoS 2 nanocrystals on graphene sheets (MoS 2 /GR) are synthesized via a hybrid microwave annealing process. Through only 45 second-irradiation using a household microwave oven equipped with a graphite susceptor, crystallization of MoS 2 and thermal reduction of graphene oxide into graphene are achieved, indicating that our synthetic method is ultrafast and energy-economic. Graphene plays a crucial role as an excellent microwave absorber as well as an ideal support material that mediates the growth of MoS 2 nanocrystals. The formed MoS 2 /GR electrocatalyst exhibits high activity of hydrogen evolution reaction with small onset overpotential of 0.1 V and Tafel slope of 50mV per decade together with an excellent stability in acid media. Thus our hybrid microwave annealing could be an efficient generic method to fabricate various graphene-based hybrid electric materials for broad applications.open2

Selective Wettability Membrane for Continuous Oil−Water Separation and In Situ Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic Purification of Water

Membrane-based technologies are attractive for remediating oily wastewater because they are relatively energy-efficient and are applicable to a wide range of industrial effluents. For complete treatment of oily wastewater, removing dissolved contaminants from the water phase is typically followed by adsorption onto an adsorbent, which complicates the process. Here, an in-air superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic membrane-based continuous separation of surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions and in situ decontamination of water by visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of dissolved organic contaminants is reported. The membrane is fabricated by utilizing a thermally sensitized stainless steel mesh coated with visible light absorbing iron-doped titania nanoparticles. Post annealing of the membrane can enhance the adhesion of nanoparticles to the membrane surface by formation of a bridge between them. An apparatus that enables continuous separation of surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsion and in situ photocatalytic degradation of dissolved organic matter in the water-rich permeate upon irradiation of visible light on the membrane surface with greater than 99% photocatalytic degradation is developed. The membrane demonstrates the recovery of its intrinsic water-rich permeate flux upon continuous irradiation of light after being contaminated with oil. Finally, continuous oil−water separation and in situ water decontamination is demonstrated by photocatalytically degrading model toxins in water-rich permeate

Associations of Anti-Aquaporin 5 Autoantibodies with Serologic and Histopathological Features of Sjogren&apos;s Syndrome

Biomarkers to stratify the complex and heterogeneous phenotypes of Sjogren&apos;s syndrome (SS) are needed. We aimed to validate the prevalence of anti-aquaporin 5 (AQP5) IgG in a non-Korean cohort and to optimize the method to screen the anti-AQP5 IgG. The study cohort included 111 primary SS and 43 non-SS Sjogren&apos;s International Collaborative Clinical Alliance (SICCA) controls that were obtained from the Sjogren&apos;s International Collaborative Clinical Alliance registry, in addition to 35 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 35 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) phenotypes. Anti-AQP5 IgG was screened by cell-based immunofluorescence cytochemistry (CB-IFC) assay in the absence or presence of epitope peptides, as well as by ELISA using the epitope peptides as coated antigens. Anti-AQP5 IgG specific to an E1 epitope was best at discriminating between SS and non-SS, and the two different methods (CB-IFC and ELISA) presented comparable performance in diagnostic accuracy (0.690 vs. 0.707). Notably, the SLE and RA groups had substantially lower levels of anti-AQP5 IgG than the SS group. In addition, the presence of anti-AQP5_E1 IgG was associated with serologic and histopathological features of SS. In conclusion, a similar prevalence of anti-AQP5 IgG was confirmed in a non-Korean cohort. Screening anti-AQP5 autoantibodies may help to form subgroups of SS for targeted therapy.Y