THE EFFECTS OF KINESIO TAPING ON MUSCULAR ENDURANCE OF DEEP NECK FLEXORS FOR SUBJECTS WITH FORWARD HEAD POSTURE?A PILOT STUDY

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Kinesio taping on head posture and muscular endurance of deep neck flexors for subjects with forward head posture. The subjects were two males (mean age 19.0 ± 1.4 years, mean body height 172.0 ± 5.6 cm, mean body weight 72.0 ± 18.3 kg) and three females (mean age 19.7 ± 2.0 years, mean body height 162.0± 2.0 cm, mean body weight 55.3 ± 6.6 kg) who agreed to participate in this study. The forward head posture was measured by postural assessment system, meanwhile the muscular endurance of deep neck flexors was measured by using the neck strength measure instrument while two taping methods applied to the subjects. The placebo taping method resulted in more improvement on neck flexor muscles endurance and head posture than traditional taping method. Placebo taping method may be better than the traditional taping method for correcting forward head posture and improving muscular endurance of deep neck flexors

Flexible view update

As uninstantiated windows onto a relational database, views are modified only when the intended update can be realized by updates against the underlying database. Such a conventional restriction can, and must, be relaxed when some relations, as collections of predicates, are composed of both basic and derived facts. Therefore, this paper presents an extended formulation for the problem of view updating based on two notions: the internal state and the perceptible state of a database. Through a clear distinction between these two database states, a mechanism is proposed to facilitate those legitimate view updates that are not necessarily translatable. The proposed mechanism also relies heavily on the normalization theory through functional dependencies.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/29857/1/0000205.pd