Replacement Paths via Row Minima of Concise Matrices

Matrix $M$ is {\em $k$-concise} if the finite entries of each column of $M$ consist of $k$ or less intervals of identical numbers. We give an $O(n+m)$-time algorithm to compute the row minima of any $O(1)$-concise $n\times m$ matrix. Our algorithm yields the first $O(n+m)$-time reductions from the replacement-paths problem on an $n$-node $m$-edge undirected graph (respectively, directed acyclic graph) to the single-source shortest-paths problem on an $O(n)$-node $O(m)$-edge undirected graph (respectively, directed acyclic graph). That is, we prove that the replacement-paths problem is no harder than the single-source shortest-paths problem on undirected graphs and directed acyclic graphs. Moreover, our linear-time reductions lead to the first $O(n+m)$-time algorithms for the replacement-paths problem on the following classes of $n$-node $m$-edge graphs (1) undirected graphs in the word-RAM model of computation, (2) undirected planar graphs, (3) undirected minor-closed graphs, and (4) directed acyclic graphs.Comment: 23 pages, 1 table, 9 figures, accepted to SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematic

Nowhere: A kinetic typography motion graphic about the pursuit of happiness

nowhere is a motion graphic project that expresses my personal journey of pursuing happiness. To be happy or not happy, people have the choices of their own lives and thoughts. This project shows that positive thinking could lead to better lives through my example. A short poetic script on how I realized happiness in my life will be expressed in this project through visuals and composition. Every stylized sentence has a particular connection with the inspiring visuals and transitions. The intent of the piece is to install the viewer with the power of positive thinking by reading the poem with graphics and seeing how the story develops, colors, typography, and transitions throughout the whole piece. nowhere uses a different method of making kinetic typography to discuss more possibilities of integrating motion graphics and typography. It also experiments different techniques consisting of 3D and 2D elements together in the computer graphics field

Modulation Doping near Mott-Insulator Heterojunctions

We argue that interesting strongly correlated two-dimensional electron systems can be created by modulation doping near a heterojunction between Mott insulators. Because the dopant atoms are remote from the carrier system, the electronic system will be weakly disordered. We argue that the competition between different ordered states can be engineered by choosing appropriate values for the dopant density and the setback distance of the doping layer. In particular larger setback distances favor two-dimensional antiferromagnetism over ferromagnetism. We estimate some key properties of modulation-doped Mott insulator heterojunctions by combining insights from Hartree-Fock-Theory and Dynamical-Mean-Field-Theory descriptions and discuss potentially attractive material combinations.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, submitte

Quasiclassical Green function in an external field and small-angle scattering

The quasiclassical Green functions of the Dirac and Klein-Gordon equations in the external electric field are obtained with the first correction taken into account. The relevant potential is assumed to be localized, while its spherical symmetry is not required. Using these Green functions, the corresponding wave functions are found in the approximation similar to the Furry-Sommerfeld-Maue approximation. It is shown that the quasiclassical Green function does not coincide with the Green function obtained in the eikonal approximation and has a wider region of applicability. It is illustrated by the calculation of the small-angle scattering amplitude for a charged particle and the forward photon scattering amplitude. For charged particles, the first correction to the scattering amplitude in the non-spherically symmetric potential is found. This correction is proportional to the scattering angle. The real part of the amplitude of forward photon scattering in a screened Coulomb potential is obtained.Comment: 20 pages, latex, 1 figur

Unconventional metamagnetic electron states in orbital band systems

We extend the study of the Fermi surface instability of the Pomeranchuk type into systems with orbital band structures, which are common features in transition metal oxides. Band hybridization significantly shifts the spectra weight of the Landau interactions from the conventional s-wave channel to unconventional non-s-wave channels, which results in anisotropic (nematic) Fermi surface distortions even with ordinary interactions in solids. The Ginzburg-Landau free energy is constructed by coupling the charge-nematic, spin-nematic and ferromagnetic order parameters together, which shows that nematic electron states can be induced by metamagnetism. The connection between this mechanism to the anisotropic metamagnetc states observed in Sr$_3$Ru$_2$O$_7$ at high magnetic fields is studied in a multi-band Hubbard model with the hybridized quasi-one dimensional $d_{xz}$ and $d_{yz}$-bands.Comment: 6 pages, published versio

A TIME SERIOUS ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMIC INFLUENCE OF FEMALE'S MENSTRUAL CYCLE TO SPORT PERFORMANCE

This research uses Cross Correlation Function, C.C.F., as a dynamic relationship evaluation model to study the dynamic influences of the menstrual cycle on sport performances. This research takes females with a regular menstrual cycle to be the test subjects. Their basic body temperatures were recorded every day. A Kistler Quattro Jump force plate was used to record continuously for sixty days the parameters of muscular strength, jump performance, and fatigue index during the subjects performance of a counter-movement Jump (CMJ), squat Jump (SJ), and thirty-second continuous bent leg jumps (CJB). The late stage of the follicular phase and the early stage of the luteal phase have a positive influence on sport performance. This also illustrates that sport performance for female athletes will be varied dynamically in accordance with the time of menstrual cycle

Hafnium oxide-based ferroelectric thin-film transistor with a-InGaZnO channel fabricated at temperatures \u3c= 350°C

HfO2-based ferroelectric materials integrated with oxide-based thin-film transistors have been considered as potential candidates for back-end-of-line compatible ferroelectric field-effect transistors, which can be vertically stacked on silicon CMOS circuits to realize high-density neural network applications. However, the formation of ferroelectric orthorhombic phase in HfO2-based materials usually requires an annealing temperature of 400°C or higher. In this work, ferroelectric thin-film transistors (Fe-TFTs) were developed by monolithically integrating HfZrO2 (HZO) ferroelectric capacitors with amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) TFTs at a maximum processing temperature of 350°C on a glass substrate. A butterfly-shaped C-V curve was clearly observed in the low-temperature annealed metal-HZO-metal capacitor, indicating the formation of ferroelectricity in the HZO layer, as shown in Fig. 1. The positive and negative coercive voltages were 3 V and -2.4 V, respectively. The dielectric constant was 20.65. The field-effect mobility, threshold voltage, subthreshold swing and on/off current ratio of the a-IGZO TFT extracted from the transfer characteristics shown in Fig. 2 were 6.15 cm2V-1s-1, 1.5 V, 0.1 V/dec and 4.3´107, respectively. Fig. 3 shows the transfer hysteresis curves of the low-temperature Fe-TFTs in a metal-ferroelectric-metal-insulator-semiconductor configuration. The Fe-TFTs exhibited large hysteresis memory windows of 2.8 V and 3.8 V when the area ratios between ferroelectric capacitors and gate insulators (AFE / ADE) were 1/8 and 1/12, respectively. The result shows a great potential for back-end-of-line compatible memory applications. Please click Download on the upper right corner to see the full abstract

Development and validation of molecular markers for characterization of Boehmeria nivea var. nivea and Boehmeria nivea var. tenacissima

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The root of <it>Boehmeria </it>spp (ramie) is a hepatoprotective Chinese herbal medicine. Medicinal properties vary between <it>Boehmeria nivea </it>var. <it>nivea </it>and <it>Boehmeria nivea </it>var. <it>tenacissima</it>, which are local species found in Taiwan. As commercial preparations may use either species, there is a need for a rapid and simple assay to identify variants for quality control.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Four methods were developed and tested for their applicability in differentiating the two species. These methods were random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD); sequence characterized amplified regions (SCAR); single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Three RAPD markers were developed that produced unique bands in <it>B. nivea </it>var. <it>tenacissima </it>and <it>B. nivea </it>var. <it>nivea</it>. Based on sequenced RAPD bands, one SCAR marker was developed that produced a single DNA band in <it>B. nivea </it>var. <it>nivea</it>. Two SNP markers differentiated between <it>B. nivea </it>var. <it>nivea </it>and <it>B. nivea </it>var. <it>tenacissima </it>based on single nucleotide substitutions. A pair of CAPS oligonucleotides was developed by amplifying a 0.55-kb DNA fragment that exhibited species-specific digestion patterns with restriction enzymes <it>Alf </it>III and <it>Nde </it>I. Consistent results were obtained with all the four markers on all tested <it>Boehmeria </it>lines.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The present study demonstrates the use of the RAPD, SCAR, SNP and CAPS markers for rapid identification of two closely related <it>Boehmeria </it>species.</p