Current crowding issues on nanoscale planar organic transistors for spintronic applications

The predominance of interface resistance makes current crowding ubiquitous in short channel organic electronics devices but its impact on spin transport has never been considered. We investigate electrochemically doped nanoscale PBTTT short channel devices and observe the smallest reported values of crowding lengths, found for sub-100 nm electrodes separation. These observed values are nevertheless exceeding the spin diffusion lengths reported in the literature. We discuss here how current crowding can be taken into account in the framework of the Fert–Jaffrès model of spin current propagation in heterostructures, and predict that the anticipated resulting values of magnetoresistance can be significantly reduced. Current crowding therefore impacts spin transport applications and interpretation of the results on spin valve devices

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

The effects of single-objective management on disturbances in central interior dry forests of British Columbia

Mule deer are an important game species, and have become the focus of applying a particular silvicultural treatment that enhances habitat while allowing timber harvesting. Mule deer winter range management (MDWRM) involves the proportional removal of trees based on their diameter and abundance resulting in a multilayered, Douglas-fir dominated forest with a clumpy tree distribution. I assessed changes in forest stand attributes brought about by MDWRM through time and how these attributes related to stand susceptibility to the western spruce budworm, Douglas-fir beetle, and wildfire using a randomized complete block single factor mixed-effects model with subsampling. In the short-term, MDWRM significantly changed (p<0.05) forest stand attributes by decreasing sub-canopy tree density and basal area, canopy cover, leaf area index, and increasing large surface fuel load. In the long-term, most attributes recovered to untreated levels. Relative to untreated stands, treated stands maintained a multilayered structure and an abundance of Douglas-fir trees thus their susceptibility to the western spruce budworm did not change through time. In the short-term, a reduction in mature host-tree density lowered susceptibility to the Douglas-fir beetle. With subsequent forest recovery, long-term susceptibility did not differ relative to untreated stands. In the treated stands the likelihood of crown fire was greater shortly after than longer after treatment. This was likely due to more large surface fuels immediately following treatment. In addition, I extrapolated the effects of MDWRM across eligible stands of interior British Columbia in a hypothetical simulation to evaluate the current and forecasted landscape-level fire risk. The forecasted forest under widespread application of MDWRM resulted in a homogenized landscape dominated by low fire risk. Further, widespread application of MDWRM may result in a fire resilient landscape, but with consequences for other ecological processes. The present study contributes to our understanding of the relationship between single-objective management and subsequent stand susceptibility to biotic and abiotic disturbances. I concluded that understanding this relationship should play an important role in responsible resource management.Forestry, Faculty ofGraduat

Finis Austriae : la chute de l’aigle bicéphale

L’effondrement de l’Empire habsbourgeois constitue une césure inaugurale dans l’histoire du XXe siècle. Cette séquence de crise et de refondation se déroule sous le signe du chaos et de la reprise en main par de nouveaux responsables politiques. À un siècle de distance, ces événements marquants et contradictoires conservent toute leur force suggestive, que le volume retrace à partir de sources et de perspectives inédites ou rarement abordées

Discussion du projet de décret du comité des finances sur les mesures provisoires proposées à l'Assemblée pour obvier à la disette du numéraire, lors de la séance du 21 mai 1791

Lameth Charles Malo, comte de, Populus Marc Etienne, Crillon François Félix Berton des Balbes, comte de, Cernon Jean-Baptiste de Pinteville, baron de, Barnave Antoine, Rewbell Jean François, Leclerc Charles-Guillaume, Camus Armand Gaston, Montesquiou Anne-Pierre, marquis de, Rabaud de Saint Etienne Jean- Paul. Discussion du projet de décret du comité des finances sur les mesures provisoires proposées à l'Assemblée pour obvier à la disette du numéraire, lors de la séance du 21 mai 1791. In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - Première série (1787-1799) Tome XXVI - Du 12 mai au 5 juin 1791. Paris : Librairie Administrative P. Dupont, 1887. pp. 273-274

Discussion de l'article additionnel 6 du décret sur l'organisation du clergé, lors de la séance du lundi 12 juillet 1790

Tronchet François Denis, Nolf Louis Joseph, Merlin de Douai Philippe Antoine, Leclerc Guillaume Gabriel, Aubergeon de Murinais Guy Joseph d', Lucas Jean-Baptiste-Joseph, Duport Adrien Jean, Folleville Antoine-Charles, marquis de, Jessé Joseph-Henri, baron de, Delay ou Delley d'Agier Claude Pierre de, Lompré ( ou Longpré) Claude-Benigne, Aubert Edme, Legrand Jérome, Chasset Charles Antoine, Lanjuinais Jean-Denis, Drevon Joseph-Claude, Populus Marc Etienne, Elbeheq Pierre du Chambge, baron d'. Discussion de l'article additionnel 6 du décret sur l'organisation du clergé, lors de la séance du lundi 12 juillet 1790. In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - Première série (1787-1799) Tome XVII - Du 9 juillet au 12 aout 1790. Paris : Librairie Administrative P. Dupont, 1884. p. 53

Discussion sur des articles additionnels supplémentaires sur l'organisation du clergé, lors de la séance du lundi 12 juillet 1790

Elbhecq Pierre-Joseph du Chambge, baron d', Populus Marc Etienne, Drevon Joseph Claude, Lanjuinais Jean Denis, Chasset Charles Antoine, Legrand Jérome, Aubert Edme, Lompré Claude Bénigne, Dellay-d'Agier ou Delay Claude Pierre de, Jessé Joseph-Henri, baron de, Folleville Antoine Charles Gabriel, marquis de, Duport Adrien Jean, Lucas Jean-Baptiste Joseph, Aubergeon de Murinais Guy-Joseph d', Leclerc Guillaume Gabriel, Merlin de Douai, Nolf Pierre Louis Joseph, Tronchet François Denis. Discussion sur des articles additionnels supplémentaires sur l'organisation du clergé, lors de la séance du lundi 12 juillet 1790. In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - Première série (1787-1799) Tome XVII - Du 9 juillet au 12 aout 1790. Paris : Librairie Administrative P. Dupont, 1884. p. 54

Discussion de l'article additionnel 6 du décret sur l'organisation du clergé, lors de la séance du lundi 12 juillet 1790

Tronchet François Denis, Nolf Pierre Louis Joseph, Merlin de Douai, Leclerc Guillaume Gabriel, Aubergeon de Murinais Guy-Joseph d', Lucas Jean-Baptiste Joseph, Duport Adrien Jean, Folleville Antoine Charles Gabriel, marquis de, Jessé Joseph-Henri, baron de, Dellay-d'Agier ou Delay Claude Pierre de, Lompré Claude Bénigne, Aubert Edme, Legrand Jérome, Chasset Charles Antoine, Lanjuinais Jean Denis, Drevon Joseph Claude, Populus Marc Etienne, Elbhecq Pierre-Joseph du Chambge, baron d'. Discussion de l'article additionnel 6 du décret sur l'organisation du clergé, lors de la séance du lundi 12 juillet 1790. In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - Première série (1787-1799) Tome XVII - Du 9 juillet au 12 aout 1790. Paris : Librairie Administrative P. Dupont, 1884. p. 53

New perspectives in studying active faults in metropolitan France: the “Active faults France” (FACT/ATS) research axis from the Resif-Epos consortium

International audienceMainland France is part of a plate interior with a strong structural heritage, undergoing a low rate of deformation, where destructive earthquakes can nevertheless occur. In this paper, we emphasize that the knowledge of active faults is still largely fragmentary, and that significant efforts are needed to generate robust data, in particular on the numerous faults, that still lack any study. This is the aim of the “Failles ACTives France” (FACT) axis launched in the framework of the Transverse Seismicity Action (ATS) of the Resif-Epos consortium. We present some recent investigations carried out along suspected active faults in mountainous areas, their forelands and remote lowlands, which implement new approaches and new tools, and allow characterizing their Quaternary activity