Comportamento, adaptabilidade e estabilidade de cultivares de milho no Nordeste brasileiro no ano agrícola de 2004.

Foram avaliadas 16 variedades e 24 híbridos de milho em 17 ambientes do Nordeste brasileiro, no ano agrícola de 2004, em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, visando conhecer a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade desses materiais para fins de recomendação. Os híbridos mostraram melhor adaptação que as variedades, destacando-se, entre eles, os AG 7000, BRS 1010, AG 7575, DKB 350, DKB 466, dentre outros, por revelarem adaptabilidade ampla, consubstanciando-se em excelentes opções para os diferentes sistemas de produção prevalecentes na região. As variedades AL Piratininga, Sertanejo, AL Alvorada, Asa Branca, SHS 3031, AL 30 e AL Ipiranga mostraram também adaptabilidade ampla, considerando-se a média das variedades, tornando-se alternativas importantes para os diferentes sistemas de produção executadas na região, especialmente, aqueles sistemas praticados pelos pequenos e médios produtores rurais.bitstream/item/33986/1/bp-08.pd

Comportamento, adaptabilidade e estabilidade de híbridos de milho no Nordeste brasileiro no ano agrícola de 2004.

Em ensaios de campo com delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições foram avaliados 45 híbridos de milho em 21 ambientes do Nordeste brasileiro no ano agrícola de 2004, visando conhecer a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade desses materiais para fins de recomendação. Detectaram-se, nas análises de variância conjuntas, diferenças entre os ambientes e os híbridos e comportamento diferenciado desses híbridos em face das oscilações ambientais, quanto aos caracteres alturas de planta e de inserção da primeira espiga, estande de colheita, número de espigas colhidas e peso de grãos. Os híbridos diferiram entre si, quanto a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade de produção, destacando-se os Pionner 30 F 90 e DAS 8420 com melhor adaptação nos ambientes favoráveis. Os híbridos que associaram melhor adaptação a estimativas de b1 semelhantes à unidade evidenciaram adaptabilidade ampla, tornando-se de importância relevante para a agricultura regional.bitstream/item/34047/1/Ok.bp-09.pd

Efficacy and safety of cumaru syrup as complementary therapy in mild persistent asthma: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study

Amburana cearensis is a medicinal plant known as "cumaru". It is used in Northeast Brazil in the treatment of respiratory diseases. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, with the aim of evaluating the efficacy and safety of cumaru syrup as complementary therapy in mild persistent asthma. The study consisted of 3 phases, pre-treatment, treatment and post-treatment. The primary efficacy outcome was comparison of the changes reported by patients of the cumaru and placebo groups after treatment, using the "Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire" (AQLQ). The secondary outcome was the effect of cumaru syrup on lung function based on spirometry. The results showed that in the cumaru group, the proportion of patients who had global improvement in asthma symptoms was significantly greater (61.90%, P=0.0009) than in the placebo group (9.52%). Only the spirometric parameters Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) showed significant intergroup differences in post-treatment (P0.05). Adverse events were reported by 3 patients (14.29%) in the cumaru group and 3 patients (14.29%) in the placebo group. All adverse events were considered non-serious and mild.Amburana cearensis é uma planta medicinal conhecida como "cumaru". No Nordeste do Brasil é usada no tratamento de doenças respiratórias. Este é um estudo randomizado, duplo-cego e controlado por placebo, com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia e segurança do xarope de cumaru como terapia complementar da asma persistente leve. O estudo consistiu de três fases, pré-tratamento, tratamento e pós-tratamento. A variável primária para determinação da eficácia foi a comparação das mudanças referidas pelos pacientes dos grupos cumaru e placebo após o tratamento, usando o "Questionário sobre Qualidade de Vida na Asma" (QQVA). A variável secundária foi o efeito do xarope de cumaru na função pulmonar baseado na espirometria. Os resultados mostraram que no grupo cumaru, a proporção de pacientes com melhora global dos sintomas da asma foi significativamente maior (61,90%, P=0.0009) que no grupo placebo (9,52%). Somente os parâmetros espirométricos, capacidade vital forçada (CVF) e volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1), mostraram diferença intergrupo significtivas no pós-tratamento (P0.05). Eventos adversos foram reportados por 3 pacientes (14,29%) no grupo cumaru e 3 (14,29%) no grupo placebo. Todos os eventos adversos foram não sérios e leves

A multi-country level analysis of the environmental attitudes and behaviours among young consumers

Environmental issues have become more prominent internationally and are increasingly featured in discussion by governments, business and academics. This paper presents the results of a study which examines the concerns for environmental issues and purchase behaviours of a sample of 1173 young consumers in England, Germany, Portugal and Spain; countries which represent different realities in terms of economic development, social context and cultural issues. An analysis of the differences between the respondents from the four countries regarding concepts such as man-nature orientation, generativity, environmental concern, consumer perceived effectiveness, conservation behaviour and environmentally-friendly buying behaviour is presented. The results obtained confirm the existence of significant differences between countries for almost all variables. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Recomendação de híbridos de milho para o Nordeste brasileiro: ensaios realizados no ano agrícola de 2003 - 2004.

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Analysis of the Origin and Evolutionary History of HIV-1 CRF28_BF and CRF29_BF Reveals a Decreasing Prevalence in the AIDS Epidemic of Brazil

HIV-1 subtype B and subtype F are prevalent in the AIDS epidemic of Brazil. Recombinations between these subtypes have generated at least four BF circulating recombinant forms (CRFs). CRF28_BF and CRF29_BF are among the first two BF recombinants being identified in Brazil and they contributed significantly to the epidemic. However, the evolution and demographic histories of the CRFs are unclear.A collection of gag and pol sequences sampled within Brazil was screened for CRF28_BF-like and CRF29_BF-like recombination patterns. A Bayesian coalescent framework was employed to delineate the phylogenetic, divergence time and population dynamics of the virus having CRF28_BF-like and CRF29_BF-like genotype. These recombinants were phylogenetically related to each other and formed a well-supported monophyletic clade dated to 1988-1989. The effective number of infections by these recombinants grew exponentially over a five-year period after their emergence, but then decreased toward the present following a logistic model of population growth. The demographic pattern of both recombinants closely resembles those previously reported for CRF31_BC.We revealed that HIV-1 recombinants of the CRF28_BF/CRF29_BF clade are still circulating in the Brazilian population. These recombinants did not exhibit a strong founder effect and showed a decreasing prevalence in the AIDS epidemic of Brazil. Our data suggested that multiple URFs may also play a role in shaping the epidemic of recombinant BF HIV-1 in the region

Determination of Escitalopram in Human Plasma by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

A rapid (3.0 min) and sensitive (LLOQ 0.5 ng/mL) analytical method for the quantitation of Escitalopram (ETP) in human plasma is described. The method is based on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using paroxetine as internal standard (I.S.). Sample preparation involved precipitation extraction with acetonitrile. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a ACE C18 (125 x 4,6 mm) reversed-phase column and a mobile phase containing acetonitrile/water (60:50 v/v, add 0.2 % formic acid), in isocratic conditions. The target analytes were transferred into a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source for mass detection. The ion transitions selected for MRM detection were: m/z 325.2 > 109.2 and 330.0 > 192.0 for ETP and I.S., respectively. The assay was linear in the concentration range of 0.5-50 ng/mL. The mean recovery for ETP was 97.69 %. Intra- and inter-day precision (R.S.D.) were < 10.5 % and <8.2 %, respectively and the accuracy (R.E.) was in the range ± 12.23 %. The method was successfully applied to a single oral dose pharmacokinetics study in 28 healthy Brazilian human volunteers.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

An assessment of the causes and consequences of agricultural land abandonment in Europe

The agriculture sector is the principal source of income for around 20% of the EU-26 population, which live in predominantly rural regions that would be devastated without its contribution. Moreover, the combined agricultural and food sector forms an important part of the EU economy, accounting for 15 million jobs (8.3% of total employment) and 4.4% of GDP. The 12 million active farmers across Europe today, have an average farm size of about 15 ha, and are expected to meet the needs of 500 million Europeans. In addition, they are also expected to promote a sustainable and balanced development of their land, also in areas where production conditions are difficult. Yet, despite the relevance of the sector, the use of land for agriculture purposes is not very sustainable. Among other issues, there is a serious problem in respect of the abandonment of agricultural land. Based on the perceived need for research on this topic, the aim of this paper is to examine the causes and consequences of agricultural land abandonment, outlining its social, economic and environmental impacts, as well as the implications for territorial integration

Assessing ecotoxicity of an innovative bio-based mulch film: a multi-environmental and multi-bioassay approach

Among the highly diverse range of biobased polymers, polylactic acid (PLA) received vast attention in recent years due to its versatility for different applications and being the first commercially used polymer produced from renewable sources. Production and application of bio-based, biodegradable plastics will have one of the most crucial roles in tackling worldwide plastic pollution. Methods: This study is based on integrative ecotoxicological assessment of an innovative PLA-based agricultural mulch film (BPE-AMF-PLA), developed under the H2020 EU project “BIO-PLASTICS EUROPE”, towards organisms from different environmental compartments (soil, fresh water and marine) and from different trophic levels. Such comprehensive evaluation has an overarching goal to promote environmentally safe and sustainable use of these PLA-based plastics for agricultural and other potential applications. Results: Low-to-no phytotoxicity was obtained in both single-species standardized bioassays, and in a multi-species microcosms experiment. Earthworm reproduction was negatively affected at the lowest test concentration of 0.1% w/w of PLA-based plastic particles. For freshwater Daphnia, reproduction was found a sensitive endpoint, upon exposure to the leachates of the PLA-based plastic. However, the reported toxicity seemed to be caused by the presence of 2-methylnaphthalene, which can be avoided in the production process. As for the marine organisms, algae growth was inhibited with a LOEC = 25 g L−1, whereas test with brine shrimp only revealed stimulation of lipase upon digestion of micro-sized PLA-based plastics. Marine lugworm ingested pristine and UV pre-treated micro-sized plastics, yet without impact either on biological activity, or on the health of the test individuals. Discussion: The approach used in the present work will contribute to product development, environmental safety and sustainable applications of the PLA-based mulch film BPE-AMF-PLA, in the scope of project BIO-PLASTICS EUROPE. Furthermore, the tools and results obtained in this work are a relevant contribution in the framework development for additional support in the certification of the bio-based polymers, being aligned with European zero waste and non-toxicity strategies, certification, and regulations