Improved efficiency of budesonide nebulization using surface-active agents

Our aim was to improve the efficiency of nebulised budesonide using surface-active agents. Cationic, anionic, and nonionic detergents were added to commercial budesonide suspension, and the particle size distribution during nebulization was measured using both cascade impaction and laser diffraction. Our results showed that the emitted dose was increased after addition of cationic (

CD14 C-159T and early infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in children with cystic fibrosis

Early acquisition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with a poorer prognosis in patients with cystic fibrosis. We investigated whether polymorphisms in CD14, the lipopolysaccharide receptor, increase the risk of early infection. Forty-five children with cystic fibrosis were investigated with annual bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and plasma sCD14 levels. Plasma sCD14 levels were significantly lower in children from whom P. aeruginosa was subsequently isolated (492.75 mu g/ml vs. 1339.43 mu g/ml, p = 0.018). Those with the CD14 - 159CC genotype had a significantly increased risk of early infection with P. aeruginosa suggesting that CD14 C-159T plays a role in determining the risk of early infection with P. aeruginosa

Evolved Th2 immune response bias in humans due to adaptation to climate

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