Unsteady aerodynamic characterization of a military aircraft in vertical gusts

The effects of 2.5-m/sec vertical gusts on the flight characteristics of a 1:8.6 scale model of a Mirage 2000 aircraft in free flight at 35 m/sec over a distance of 30 m are investigated. The wind-tunnel setup and instrumentation are described; the impulse-response and local-coefficient-identification analysis methods applied are discussed in detail; and the modification and calibration of the gust-detection probes are reviewed. The results are presented in graphs, and good general agreement is obtained between model calculations using the two analysis methods and the experimental measurements

HERMES Models 3036-2 and 3041 Experimentes in the HEG

Experiments on two HERMES models, 3036-2 and 3041, were performed in the HEG facility. The tests were conducted at two diaphragm burst conditions, approximately 50 and 100 MPa, with two respective enthalpies of approcimately 13 and 21 MJ/kg. Model 336-2 had an angle of incidence of 40 o and Model 3041 an angle of incidence of 30 o. Both models had their body flap and elevon deflected, 20 o for Model 3036-2 and 10 o for Model 3041. To complement these surface measurements, LIF was undertaken on Model 3036-2 and Holographic Interferometry on both models. Repeatability experiments were conducted on both models at the four test conditions, with reasonable repeatability found. Pressure and/or enthalpy effects were also investigated

Round-robin evaluation of ISO 20340 annex a test method

Among available standardized test methods for evaluating the performance of marine and offshore coatings, ISO 20340 Annex A is widely used.1 It is well known that tests performed on presumably identical materials in presumably similar circumstances do not in general yield to identical results. Such deviation is attributed to unavoidable random errors inherent in every test procedure and the fact that the parameters that may influence the outcome of a test cannot all be completely controlled. One consequence of such deviation is that different coating selection may be obtained upon where and how the test is performed, as ISO 20340 Annex A includes acceptance criteria for the selection of coating systems. Thus, to establish the precision of ISO 20340 Annex A, six laboratories participated in a round-robin evaluation of ISO 20340 Annex A test method for the first time

Antibody Fragments Humanization: Beginning with the End in Mind

International audienceMolecular engineering has made possible to reformat monoclonal antibodies into smaller antigen-binding structures like scFvs, diabodies, Fabs with new potential in vivo applications because they do not induce Fc-mediated functions. However, most of these molecules are from rodent origin. As a consequence, they are immunogenic and approval for administration to humans requires prior humanization. Today, there is no well-identified strategy to create recombinant humanized antibody V-domains that preserve the antigen-binding characteristics of the parental antibody associated with high stability and solubility. Here, we propose a strategy that consists in grafting CDRs onto properly chosen human antibody frameworks in order to reduce immunogenicity. A flowchart indicates the way to proceed in order to introduce an internal affinity purification tag while structural refinements are proposed to maintain antigen-binding characteristics. The best humanized candidates are identified through selection steps including in silico analysis, research scale production followed by early functional evaluation, purification assays, aggregation, and stability assessment