76,751 research outputs found
Non-negative matrix factorization for self-calibration of photometric redshift scatter in weak lensing surveys
Photo-z error is one of the major sources of systematics degrading the
accuracy of weak lensing cosmological inferences. Zhang et al. (2010) proposed
a self-calibration method combining galaxy-galaxy correlations and galaxy-shear
correlations between different photo-z bins. Fisher matrix analysis shows that
it can determine the rate of photo-z outliers at a level of 0.01-1% merely
using photometric data and do not rely on any prior knowledge. In this paper,
we develop a new algorithm to implement this method by solving a constrained
nonlinear optimization problem arising in the self-calibration process. Based
on the techniques of fixed-point iteration and non-negative matrix
factorization, the proposed algorithm can efficiently and robustly reconstruct
the scattering probabilities between the true-z and photo-z bins. The algorithm
has been tested extensively by applying it to mock data from simulated stage IV
weak lensing projects. We find that the algorithm provides a successful
recovery of the scatter rates at the level of 0.01-1%, and the true mean
redshifts of photo-z bins at the level of 0.001, which may satisfy the
requirements in future lensing surveys.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ. Updated to
match the published versio
Fast and secure laptop backups with encrypted de-duplication
Many people now store large quantities of personal and corporate data on laptops or home computers. These often have poor or intermittent connectivity, and are vulnerable to theft or hardware failure. Conventional backup solutions are not well suited to this environment, and backup regimes are frequently inadequate. This paper describes an algorithm which takes advantage of the data which is common between users to increase the speed of backups, and reduce the storage requirements. This algorithm supports client-end per-user encryption which is necessary for confidential personal data. It also supports a unique feature which allows immediate detection of common subtrees, avoiding the need to query the backup system for every file. We describe a prototype implementation of this algorithm for Apple OS X, and present an analysis of the potential effectiveness, using real data obtained from a set of typical users. Finally, we discuss the use of this prototype in conjunction with remote cloud storage, and present an analysis of the typical cost savings.
Cascaded 3D Full-body Pose Regression from Single Depth Image at 100 FPS
There are increasing real-time live applications in virtual reality, where it
plays an important role in capturing and retargetting 3D human pose. But it is
still challenging to estimate accurate 3D pose from consumer imaging devices
such as depth camera. This paper presents a novel cascaded 3D full-body pose
regression method to estimate accurate pose from a single depth image at 100
fps. The key idea is to train cascaded regressors based on Gradient Boosting
algorithm from pre-recorded human motion capture database. By incorporating
hierarchical kinematics model of human pose into the learning procedure, we can
directly estimate accurate 3D joint angles instead of joint positions. The
biggest advantage of this model is that the bone length can be preserved during
the whole 3D pose estimation procedure, which leads to more effective features
and higher pose estimation accuracy. Our method can be used as an
initialization procedure when combining with tracking methods. We demonstrate
the power of our method on a wide range of synthesized human motion data from
CMU mocap database, Human3.6M dataset and real human movements data captured in
real time. In our comparison against previous 3D pose estimation methods and
commercial system such as Kinect 2017, we achieve the state-of-the-art
accuracy
The Nature of Novelty Detection
Sentence level novelty detection aims at reducing redundant sentences from a
sentence list. In the task, sentences appearing later in the list with no new
meanings are eliminated. Aiming at a better accuracy for detecting redundancy,
this paper reveals the nature of the novelty detection task currently
overlooked by the Novelty community Novelty as a combination of the partial
overlap (PO, two sentences sharing common facts) and complete overlap (CO, the
first sentence covers all the facts of the second sentence) relations. By
formalizing novelty detection as a combination of the two relations between
sentences, new viewpoints toward techniques dealing with Novelty are proposed.
Among the methods discussed, the similarity, overlap, pool and language
modeling approaches are commonly used. Furthermore, a novel approach, selected
pool method is provided, which is immediate following the nature of the task.
Experimental results obtained on all the three currently available novelty
datasets showed that selected pool is significantly better or no worse than the
current methods. Knowledge about the nature of the task also affects the
evaluation methodologies. We propose new evaluation measures for Novelty
according to the nature of the task, as well as possible directions for future
study.Comment: This paper pointed out the future direction for novelty detection
research. 37 pages, double spaced versio
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