Shifts in Living Standards: The Case of Vietnamese Households 1992-1998

This paper investigates determinants of shifts in living standards for Vietnamese households, measured by the difference in consumption at two different points in time. In agreement with studies on other countries, results show that education, household composition, and community infrastructure are strongly related to consumption changes. A main contribution of the paper is to propose novel analytical techniques for the modeling of shifts in living standards. In particular, it proposes the use of Directed Acyclic Graphs to help identify direct and indirect predictors of consumption differences and protect against spurious correlations, and advocates the use of Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) to help identify nonlinearity and interactions. It suggests graphical methods to guide the interpretation of the models.Vietnamese households, living standards, shifts in living standards, household vulnerability, household consumption

Shifts in Living Standards: The Case of Vietnamese Households 1992-1998

This paper investigates determinants of shifts in living standards for Vietnamese households, measured by the difference in consumption at two different points in time. In agreement with studies on other countries, results show that education, household composition, and community infrastructure are strongly related to consumption changes. A main contribution of the paper is to propose novel analytical techniques for the modeling of shifts in living standards. In particular, it proposes the use of Directed Acyclic Graphs to help identify direct and indirect predictors of consumption differences and protect against spurious correlations, and advocates the use of Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) to help identify nonlinearity and interactions. It suggests graphical methods to guide the interpretation of the models.Vietnamese households, living standards, shifts in living standards, household vulnerability, household consumption

Role of mineralocorticoid receptor regulation during experimental myocardial infarction

Ischaemic heart disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Following an ischaemic event, the primary strategy is to restore blood flow (reperfusion). However, this triggers release of reactive oxygen species, activation of stress-related gene transcription, autophagy and cell death processes leading to further injury (reperfusion injury). Elevated plasma aldosterone levels produce adverse cardiac effects, while mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists (spironolactone or eplerenone) reduce mortality, although mechanisms have not been defined. The aim of this thesis was to determine the role of MR regulation during experimental myocardial infarction (MI). This was achieved by using an ex-vivo isolated rat heart model and occluding a branch of the left coronary artery (30min) followed by reperfusion (150min). Increased levels of oxidative stress with activated autophagy and apoptosis confirmed our model of MI. Since there are sex differences in cardiac damage during MI, our studies show that androgens downregulate anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL, which shifts the balance towards apoptosis leading to aggravated cardiac damage in males compared to females. Expression levels of MR have been reported to be upregulated during MI in males, which could contribute to the aggravated damage, we did not find any significant change in MR expression between male and female rats and hence male rats were used for subsequent studies. Activation of MR by aldosterone (10 nM) increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis and aggravated infarct size during MI; prevented by low-dose MR antagonists. Low-dose (10 nM) spironolactone alone maintained redox balance, prevented activation of stress-related gene transcription and degradation of anti-apoptotic protein ARC, which prevented initiation of apoptosis. These studies provide direct evidence that MR activation aggravates cardiac damage during MI and provide mechanisms for the cardioprotective action of low-dose MR antagonists clinically

Improve Operational Efficiency at Cam Thuy District Culture, Information, Sports and Tourism Center, Thanh Hoa Province

In 2019, the Center for Culture, Information, Sports and Tourism of Cam Thuy district was established by reorganizing public service units under the People\u27s Committees of districts and towns—communes and cities operating in the fields of Culture, Sports, Tourism, Radio and Television. After nearly five years of operation, the Center has overcome some difficulties due to the merger and exceeded the tasks and goals compared to the plans set out for each year. However, in the current period, the development of the Center in the coming time will still be complex due to the old-fashioned way of thinking; the Center\u27s activities are solitary, and cultural propaganda work needs to be coordinated. Change and attraction service activities have yet to be focused on. Therefore, studying the limitations in the Center\u27s operations and proposing several solutions to improve the Center\u27s operational efficiency in the future is necessary

Enhance the chromatic uniformity and luminous efficiency of WLEDs with triple-layer remote phosphor structures

The angular color uniformity (ACU) with the ability to evaluate chromatic performance of WLED has become an important target to achieve in producing higher-quality WLEDs. This paper studies the ACU enhancing effects of novel triple-phosphor configuration in lighting devices with remote phosphor structure. Moreover, the optical influences of remote phosphor structure with three phosphor layers (TL) on WLEDs properties are calculated and compared to the dual-layer (DL) one for reference. The experiments are applied to devices at 5 distinct correlated color temperature ranging from 5600-8500 K. The results presented that DL structure attains better color rendering index (CRI) than the TL one. Meanwhile, in terms of color quality scales (CQS), TL model shows higher values at all ACCTs, compared to the DL. Moreover, the luminous flux of DL configuration is lower than that of TL structure. In addition, the diversion of color temperature depicts as D-CCT in TL structure is much better than the value in DL structure, especially at high ACCT as 8500 K, which means TL is good for chromatic uniformity of high ACCTs WLEDs. These results proved that the triple-layer structure is superior and more effective to apply for acquiring the enhancement of WLEDs package

Improving color rendering index of WLEDs with convex-dual-layer remote phosphor geometry using red-emitting CaGa2S4:Mn2+ phosphor

The white-light light-emitting diode (LED), a conventional illumination solution, usually consists of one chip and one phosphor layer, which leads to the insufficient color rendering index (CRI) in this configuration. To optimize the efficiency of WLED, a new LED package with 2 chips and one phosphor was proposed, this innovative configuration can yield more lights and achieve high CRI. Thus, this study aims at perfecting the color performance with the two chips and dual phosphor layers package with the proportions and densities of phosphor in the silicone constantly changed to find the best option. The white-light LED module is adjusted using a specialized color design model. The comparison results between the measured and the simulation from the color design model CIE 1931 color coordinates suggest that the highest discrepancy is about 0.0063 and is achieved at around 5600K correlated color temperature (CCT). This study’s results lay a firm path in customizing white-light LED modules that guarantee CRI and lumen output qualities

Influence of silica resource from rice husk on structure of HZSM-5 zeolite

HZSM-5 zeolites were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal treament using silica  from rice husk and glasses water. The samples were characterized by XRD, IR, SEM, TEM, BET and 27Al-NMR methods. Characterization results revealed that HZSM-5 material synthesized from rice husk silica has crystallinity and acidity as high as HZSM-5 sample synthesized from glasses water. HZSM-5 material synthesized from rice husk silica not only has  the conventional pores system as shown structure of HZSM-5 sample synthesized from glasses water, but also has mesoporous system with kinetic diameter in range of 10-50 nm. This multi-porous system is expected to increase significantly the catalytic activity of synthesized material in the reactions with the present of large molecules . Keywords: Rice husk silica, ZSM-5, multi-porous syste

TỔNG HỢP BẤT ĐỐI XỨNG CÁC DẪN XUẤT XÚC TÁC Ru(II)-DIALKYL-PHEOX TỪ CÁC DẪN XUẤT QUANG HOẠT (S)-2-AMINO-PHENYLETHANOL SỬ DỤNG TRONG PHẢN ỨNG TẠO VÒNG BA (CYCLOPROPANATION)

The development of new pharmaceutical products containing pure enantiomers is a recent direction in the world’s pharmaceutical industry. Asymmetric catalysts play an essential role in the synthesis of pure enantiomers. The Ru(II)-pheox catalyst has been reported to be effective for the asymmetric reactions producing pure enantiomers. In this study, an asymmetric synthesis of Ru(II)-dialkyl-pheox derivatives is proposed. The process consists of the asymmetric synthesis of oxazoline derivatives from precursors and the complexation between ruthenium and oxazoline ligands. With this procedure, four Ru(II)-dialkyl-pheox derivatives were successfully synthesized with a high yield (>60%).Phát triển dược phẩm mới chứa đồng phân đối quang tinh khiết đang là một hướng mới của ngành công nghiệp dược thế giới trong những năm gần đây. Các chất xúc tác bất đối xứng đóng một vai trò không thể thiếu trong quá trình tổng hợp các sản phẩm đối quang tinh khiết. Chất xúc tác bất đối xứng Ru(II)-pheox đã được công bố có hiệu quả cho các phản ứng tạo ra các đồng phân đối quang tinh khiết. Trong nghiên cứu này, một quy trình tổng hợp bất đối xứng các dẫn xuất của Ru(II)-dialkyl-pheox được đề xuất. Quy trình bao gồm quá trình tổng hợp bất đối xứng các dẫn xuất oxazoline từ tiền chất và tạo phức giữa ruthenium và các phối tử oxazoline. Với quy trình này, bốn dẫn xuất bất đối xứng Ru(II)-dialkyl-pheox đã được tổng hợp thành công với hiệu suất cao (>60%)