Is Nonfarm Diversification a Way Out of Poverty for Rural Households? Evidence from Vietnam in 1993-2006

school. Using the four high quality household living standards surveys available to date this paper reveals that Vietnam’s rural labour force has been markedly diversifying toward nonfarm activities in the doi moi (renovation) reform period. The employment share of the rural nonfarm sector has increased from 23 percent to 58 percent between the years 1993 and 2006. At the individual level, the results indicate that participation in the rural nonfarm sector is determined by a set of individual-, household-, and community-level characteristics. Gender, ethnicity, and education are reported as main individual-level drivers of nonfarm diversification. Lands as most important physical assets of rural households are found to be negative to nonfarm employment. It is also evident that both physical and institutional infrastructure exert important influences on individual participation in the nonfarm sector. At the household level, a combination of parametric and semi-parametric analysis is adopted to examine whether nonfarm diversification is a poverty exit path for rural households. This paper demonstrates a positive effect of nonfarm diversification on household welfare and this effect is robust to different estimation techniques, measures of nonfarm diversification, and the usage of equivalent scales. However, the poor is reported to benefit less than the non-poor from nonfarm activities. Though promoting a buoyant nonfarm sector is crucial for rural development and poverty reduction, it needs to be associated with enhancing access to nonfarm opportunities for the poor.Rural nonfarm sector, nonfarm diversification, household welfare, Vietnam

Curie Temperature of Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors: the Influence of the Antiferromagnetic Exchange Interaction

The coherent potential approximation and mean field approximation are used to calculate the free energy of the coupled carrier – localized spin system in III-V diluted magnetic semiconductors. Thus the magnetic transition temperature Tc can be determined and its dependence on important model parameters. We show that the strong antiferromagnetic superexchange interaction between nearest neighbour sites considerably reduces the Curie temperature

Contribution of Manufacturing Strategy to Competitive Performance of Manufacturing Companies: Empirical Evidence from Vietnam

This paper presents the results of an empirical study examining the relationship between manufacturing strategy and competitive performance of Vietnamese manufacturers, with focus on the technology factor of manufacturing strategy. Statistical techniques were used to analyze the data collected from 25 manufacturing enterprises, and the qualitative research method was employed to enrich the captured results. Findings indicate the positive impact that manufacturing strategy (together with its components namely competitive priorities and technology choices) has on firm’s competitive performance. Two case studies also provided more in-depth knowledge of the development and implementation of manufacturing strategy at Vietnamese manufacturers. From there, recommendations are proposed for management to better implement manufacturing strategy and utilize technology in order to improve competitive performance

New Technology, Human Capital and Growth in a Developing Country

In a developing country with three sectors: consumption goods, new tech- nology, and education, the productivity of the consumption goods depends on a new technology and skilled labor used to produce this new technology. There can be three stages of economic growth. In the …rst stage the country concentrates on the production of consumption goods; in the second the country must import both physical capital and new technology capital to produce consumption goods and new technology; in the third the country must import capital and invest in the training and education of high skilled labor.Optimal growth model; New technology capital;Human Capital; Developing country

New Technology, Human Capital and Growth for European Transitional Economies.

We consider a transitional country with three sectors in economy: con- sumption goods, new technology, and education. Productivity of the con- sumption goods sector depends on new technology and skilled labor used for production of the new technology. Then there might be three stages of economic growth. In the first stage the country concentrates on produc- tion of consumption goods; in the second stage the country imports both physical capital and new technology capital; in the last stage the country imports new technology capital and invests in training and education of high skilled labor in the same time.Optimal growth model, New technology capital, Human Capital, Developing country.

TÍNH TOÁN ĐỘNG LỰC HỌC CÔNG TRÌNH BIỂN CỐ ĐỊNH HỆ THANH KHÔNG GIAN CHỊU TÁC ĐỘNG CỦA TẢI TRỌNG SÓNG VÀ GIÓ VỚI MÔ HÌNH LÝ THUYẾT SÓNG STOKE BẬC 2

This paper presents finite element algorithms and dynamic analysis of the jacket type offshore structure under water wave and wind impact by using stoke’s second order wave theory. The result of the paper is the scientific basis for the calculation, design and selection of the appropriate parameters, the study contributes to the optimization of fixed offshore structures such as buildings DKI, serving defense, security and contributing to improving the capacity to defend Vietnam’s sovereignty over seas and islands.Bài báo trình bày thuật toán phần tử hữu hạn và một số kết quả tính toán số đáp ứng động lực học của kết cấu công trình biển hệ thanh, quan tâm chính vào các công trình DKI, với mô hình tính 3D, kết cấu và nền không tương tác (thay thế nền bằng ngàm cứng) chịu tác động của tải trọng sóng và gió. Trong đó, tải trọng gió tính toán theo giản đồ vận tốc gió theo thời gian, tải trọng sóng được tính toán theo lý thuyết sóng Stoke bậc 2. Kết quả bài báo là cơ sở khoa học cho việc tính toán thết kế và lựa chọn các thông số hợp lý, góp phần vào việc nghiên cứu tối ưu các công trình biển cố định như các công trình DKI, phục vụ quốc phòng, an ninh và góp phần nâng cao năng lực bảo vệ chủ quyền biển đảo