Three-Nucleon Electroweak Capture Reactions

Recent advances in the study of the p-d radiative and mu-3he weak capture processes are presented and discussed. The three-nucleon bound and scattering states are obtained using the correlated-hyperspherical-harmonics method, with realistic Hamiltonians consisting of the Argonne v14 or Argonne v18 two-nucleon and Tucson-Melbourne or Urbana IX three-nucleon interactions. The electromagnetic and weak transition operators include one- and two-body contributions. The theoretical accuracy achieved in these calculations allows for interesting comparisons with experimental data.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, invited talk at the CFIF Fall Workshop: Nuclear Dynamics, from Quarks to Nuclei, Lisbon, 31st of October - 1st of November 200

Organizational linkages for new product development: Implementation of innovation projects

Effective external and internal organization linkage characterizes new product development. Although prior research covers the external linkages to gain operational efficiencies and develop new products, the current body of scholarship on internal cross-functional linkages requires further attention. This study provides a certain level of inquiry into the antecedents of such internal linkages and presents a framework to establish the relationship between two internal functions at major fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG). The study examines the implementation of 150 innovation projects in 6 different countries over a period of three years. The objective is to study the influence of trust dimension on the perceived effectiveness of cross-functional linkage to highlight how organizational mechanisms like the amount and quality of shared communication affect trust and relationship between two functions

Neutrinos

229 pages229 pages229 pagesThe Proceedings of the 2011 workshop on Fundamental Physics at the Intensity Frontier. Science opportunities at the intensity frontier are identified and described in the areas of heavy quarks, charged leptons, neutrinos, proton decay, new light weakly-coupled particles, and nucleons, nuclei, and atoms

Prions diseases : towards the development of gene and cell therapy.

Les encéphalopathies spongiformes transmissibles sont des maladies neurodégénératives caractérisées par une vacuolisation intense et une perte neuronale associées à l’accumulation d’une protéine prion pathologique : la PrPSc. A cause de la longue période d’incubation silencieuse de ces maladies, les individus souffrant d’une maladie à prions peuvent exposer des patients qui recevraient leur sang ou un de leurs organes à un risque de contamination iatrogène. De plus, lorsque le diagnostic survient, les dommages cérébraux sont souvent massifs, et l’issue toujours fatale. A ce jour, aucun traitement n’est disponible, et l’ensemble des stratégies testées a échoué.L’alternative développée par le laboratoire est celle de la thérapie cellulaire couplée à la thérapie génique, en utilisant des cellules souches embryonnaires (ES) délivrant des molécules anti-prions. Concernant le choix des molécules anti-prions, nous avons choisi les mutants PrP-DN. Notre hypothèse repose sur des études montrant qu’une lysine au codon 219 de la PrP chez l’Homme ou une arginine au codon 171 de la PrP ovine, protègent du développement d’une ESST. L’étude de ces mutants, en cellules infectées ou dans des souris transgéniques, a permis de montrer que les PrP mutées n’étaient pas converties en PrPSc et qu’elles exerçaient un effet protecteur dit « dominant négatif » sur la conversion de la PrPC sauvage en PrPSc.Un des projets du laboratoire avait donc pour objectif d’utiliser les cellules souches exprimant les mutants PrP-DN pour développer une stratégie de thérapie génique et cellulaire des maladies à prions : l’hypothèse étant que les cellules greffées pourraient non seulement réparer le tissu lésé mais que ce dernier serait également protégé de l’infection par les prions.Une première approche de thérapie génique et cellulaire avait été initiée au laboratoire et montrait des résultats plutôt encourageants. En effet, la greffe de cellules souches neurales murines exprimant des PrP-DN et produites à partir de cellules souches embryonnaires murines, conduisait, pour une partie des souris, à un allongement du temps d’incubation de la maladie, ainsi qu’à une diminution de l’astrogliose et de la vacuolisation.Dans ce contexte, le premier objectif de ma thèse a été de valider l’approche thérapeutique en montrant que les cellules greffées délivraient des mutants PrP-DN capables d’inhiber la réplication du prion. Nous avons opté pour un modèle de culture organotypique infectée par des prions murins. En plus de répondre aux exigences éthiques de la directive 2010/63/UE, ce modèle offre l’avantage de pouvoir réaliser plus d’essais, des cinétiques d’accumulation de PrPSc et de visualiser le devenir des cellules greffées. Enfin, opter pour cette stratégie permettait de transposer dans un modèle humanisé des travaux précédemment réalisés et ayant montré des résultats encourageants. Pour cela, il a été nécessaire de mettre en place un modèle prion ex vivo de culture organotypique de tranches de cerveau, dans lequel il était possible de réaliser des greffes et permettant d’évaluer l’effet inhibiteur des mutant-PrP-DN sur la réplication du prion. Par ailleurs, notre groupe fait partie, avec d’autres groupes travaillant avec des cellules souches mésenchymateuses, de l’équipe « Biologie des cellules souches et médecine régénératrice », il nous est apparu pertinent d’évaluer l’effet des MSC sur la pathologie prions dans des modèles prions en culture organotypique et en particulier d’évaluer l’impact de greffes de MSC concomitantes aux greffes de NSC-PrP-DN. En effet, ces cellules sont décrites comme pouvant induire un microenvironnement neuroprotecteur en limitant la prolifération des cellules de la microglie et des astrocytes, et peuvent favoriser la différenciation des NSC. Enfin notre dernier objectif visait à transposer les outils murins vers des outils « humains » en produisant des NSC humaines issues d’ES et exprimant une PrP humaine portant les mutations DN.Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by a strong vacuolization, a neuronal lost and deposits of prion pathologic protein: PrPSc. This PrPSc accumulation is the result of the conformational conversion of the host encoded endogenous PrPC protein. Although the incidence of these diseases in humans remains low (about one to two cases per million inhabitants per year), these diseases remain a public health problem. Indeed, because of their long and silent incubation period, patients with prion disease may expose people through blood transfusion or organ transplantation with a risk of iatrogenic contamination. In addition, when the diagnosis occurs, brain damage is often massive, and the outcome is always fatal and rapidly occurs. Until now, there is no treatment that could be proposed to patients.The alternative developed by our laboratory for several years, is a strategy of cell therapy coupled with gene therapy. The general objective is to use pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESC) and graft them as a “medicine” not only to orchestrate a functional recovery of the damaged zones and protect the grafted cells from prion propagation but also to deliver anti-prion molecules.For the anti-prion molecules, we have chosen dominant negative PrP mutants (PrP-DN). Our choice is based on studies showing that a lysine at codon 219 of the human PrP or an arginine at codon 171 of the ovine PrP protect against the development of a TSE. Study of these mutants in infected cells or in transgenic mice showed that the mutated PrPC were not converted into PrPSc. Moreover, they exibit a so-called "dominant negative" protective effect on the conformational conversion of their wild-type PrPC counterparts. A first approach of gene and cell therapy was initiated in the laboratory and has shown encouraging results. Indeed, the graft of murine neural stem cells (NSC) derived from murine embryonic stem cells and expressing anti-prion molecules, has allowed, for some of the mice, to an increase the incubation time of the diseaseas well as to a decrease of astrogliosis and vacuolization.In this context, the first objective of my thesis was to validate the therapeutic approach by showing that the grafted cells were able to inhibit prion replication trough the dominant negative effect of the PrP-DN. To address this point, we have chosen to use an organotypic culture model infected with murine prions (22L strain). In addition to fill the ethical requirements under the European Directive 2010/63 and the 3Rs, organotypic culture models offer the advantage to perform and repeat experiments, kinetic tests, and PrPres analysis. This model also allows to visualize the fate of the grafted cells. Finally, by choosing this strategy, it will be possible to transpose into a humanized model the work previously performed on mouse organotypic cultures.To achieve this task, it was necessary to establish an ex vivo prion model of organotypic culture brain slices, in which it was possible to perform grafts and to evaluate the inhibitory effect of PrP-DN mutants on the prion replication.In addition, as our group is included in the team "Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine" (led by Pr Jorgensen) in which several stem cells are studied (liver stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)) and because MSC have been shown to provide protective effects when grafted in the brain of mice with neurological diseases, it was therefore relevant to evaluate the effect of MSC on prion pathology in our prion models and in particular to evaluate the impact of concomitant MSC grafts on NSC-PrP-DN.In a last step, our goal was to transpose the mouse tools (NSC from ES and expressing the PrP-DN mutants) to "human" tools by producing human NSCs derived from human ESC and expressing human PrP-DN, and to characterized the resulted cells

Effet d'un conditionneur mineral sur la formation des croutes superficielles du sol sous l'action des pluies. Mode d'action du conditionneur sur la stabilite structurale

*INRA Centre de Recherches de Versailles station de Science du Sol route de Saint-Cyr 78026 Versailles cedex Diffusion du document : INRA Centre de Recherches de Versailles station de Science du Sol route de Saint-Cyr 78026 Versailles cedex Diplôme : Dr. Ing

The COMIFER method for P fertilization management

National audiencePhosphorus management at field level must be simple and based on soil test as phosphorus bioavailability plays a prominent role in crop nutrition. It has also to take care of the availability of organic products or manure at farm level. The method proposed by COMIFER since 1993 to interpret soil test is based on a broad dialogue involving researchers as well as agricultural advisors. The method is based on laboratory research results and on a large set of field trials, conducted by all these actors. The interpretation procedure takes into account the crop sensitivity class. It is the major factor which leads the fertilization strategy. It uses two reference thresholds for every soil type and crop class combination. It also takes care of the availability of phosphorus due to fertilizers applications in previous years. The COMIFER method has had several evolution steps and is still nowadays the common basis for the various decision methods used in France. The method is updated by the COMIFER P-K-Mg group and is still evolving to and integrate new references (manure and slurry quality, new organic fertilizers,…) and adapt to new concepts. Present works deal with the use of more mechanistic phosphate dynamics principle to better integrate the role of soil buffer power in fertilizer rate calculation

The French COMIFER as an actor for efficient phosphorus use in agriculture

Agriculture has a prominent role in phosphorus fluxes in France. The common interest is in using the resources in the most effective possible way to avoid environmental risks while preserving the economic competitiveness. The use of phosphorus is not regulated in France. Farmers are the ultimate decision-makers regarding P-flows toward agriculture. They need relevant and rather simple tools for decision. Stakeholders for decision support systems are numerous, from research to suppliers. To coordinate them, the COMIFER has been created in 1980. It promotes dialogue and applied research assessment to define rational procedure for decision. The COMIFER is an independent association; its members are split in 3 boards: public institutions, agricultural organizations and economic structures. It specificity is based on the publications provider realised with the consensus of all the members. The COMIFER manages several technical groups, one about P-K-Mg. For dissemination, the COMIFER organizes a congress every two years and proposes a web site where reference documents are downloadable. The P-K-Mg group deals with a scientific and technical monitoring of the state of the art and supports on-going works for the improvement of inputs management. He has published references and defined a simple and broadly used method for P management based on soil test interpretation. The Comifer has developed its cooperation with other structures closely related to fertility management at French national level. Now it also wishes to broaden its relationship at the international level to mutualize and harmonize the reflections, references and methods

melff/memisc: 0.99.31.7

<p>This is the version that was published on CRAN on 10th December 2023.</p&gt

Encéphalopathie au cours d’une hospitalisation pour pneumopathie infectieuse : penser au surdosage à la pipéracilline

International audienc

Incidence des surdosages par pipéracilline, étude rétrospective sur une année

International audienc