Synthesis of Isocoumarin via PTSA-Catalyzed Annulation of Diarylalkynes

International audiencep-Toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) in EtOH was used as a mild acid-catalyst for the annulation of various functionalized diarylalkynes under microwave irradiation. This free-metal process allowed the synthesis of a range of 3-arylsubstituted isocoumarins in good yields

La question de la modélisation en sciences humaines : mathématiques et informatique

Jean Petitot, Marc Barbut, Georges Guilbaud, Hervé Le Braset Pierre Rosenstiehl, directeurs d’étudesavec Jean-Pierre Desclés, professeur à l’Université de Paris-IV Enseignement suspendu durant l’année universitaire 2000-2001

Near-Fatal Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome Induced by Plasmodium malariae

International audienc

Morphologies

Séminaire commun avec la participation de : Luciano Boi, Jean-Claude Bonne, Jean-Pierre Braun, Paolo Fabbri, Enrico Castelli Gattinara, Maurizio Gribaudi, Gérard Jorland, Hervé Le Bras, Wiktor Stoczkowski, Irène Tamba, Lorraine Verner Compte rendu non communiqué

Cytopathic effects of the cytomegalovirus-encoded apoptosis inhibitory protein vMIA

Replication of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) requires the expression of the viral mitochondria–localized inhibitor of apoptosis (vMIA). vMIA inhibits apoptosis by recruiting Bax to mitochondria, resulting in its neutralization. We show that vMIA decreases cell size, reduces actin polymerization, and induces cell rounding. As compared with vMIA-expressing CMV, vMIA-deficient CMV, which replicates in fibroblasts expressing the adenoviral apoptosis suppressor E1B19K, induces less cytopathic effects. These vMIA effects can be separated from its cell death–inhibitory function because vMIA modulates cellular morphology in Bax-deficient cells. Expression of vMIA coincided with a reduction in the cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level. vMIA selectively inhibited one component of the ATP synthasome, namely, the mitochondrial phosphate carrier. Exposure of cells to inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation produced similar effects, such as an ATP level reduced by 30%, smaller cell size, and deficient actin polymerization. Similarly, knockdown of the phosphate carrier reduced cell size. Our data suggest that the cytopathic effect of CMV can be explained by vMIA effects on mitochondrial bioenergetics

Les mises en guerre de l'État

À partir de l’été 1914, les sociétés européennes paraissent brutalement saisies par la guerre et, ce faisant, saisies par l’État. C’est en son nom que des millions d’hommes vont s’affronter, sous l’uniforme, et que s’opère une gigantesque « mobilisation » des corps, des esprits et des ressources, pour reprendre le terme de l’époque toujours employé par les historiens et les historiennes. Cent ans plus tard, alors que tous les États ayant fait la guerre ont engagé de vastes programmes de commémoration, le moment semblait particulièrement opportun pour comprendre comment l’État parvient à faire la guerre et ce que la guerre fait à l’État. L’emprise de l’État est-elle immédiate, progressive, continue ou discontinue ? Connaît-elle des phases d’essoufflement, des ratés ? S’accompagne-t-elle de phénomènes parallèles de « déprise » ? Loin de toute généralité ou de toute extrapolation hasardeuse, est-il possible de repérer des formes de résistance ou d’évitement ? Interroger le processus de nationalisation des sociétés européennes, tel est l’un des enjeux de cet ouvrage pluridisciplinaire, largement ouvert dans l’espace et dans le temps autour du point de référence de 1914. Composé d’enquêtes bien circonscrites, l’ouvrage s’inscrit dans une histoire sociale de la guerre, et permet de questionner ce qui semble une évidence, au moins en France : la spectaculaire capacité de l’État à mobiliser, presque du jour au lendemain, une société tout entière.From the summer of 1914, European societies seem brutally seized by war and, as a consequence, seized by the State. In the name of the State, millions of men enrolled in the armed forces are to fight one another. Bodies, minds and resources are subjected to a gigantic "mobilization", a contemporary word still used by historians. A hundred years later, when all the warring States, as well as the States that were born from the conflict, are launching ambitious commemorative programs, the moment seems well chosen to study how the State wages war and, in return, how war transforms the State. As part of this vast topic, this international and multidisciplinary (history, political science, sociology) conference will address the invention of the War State, from the perspective of all the processes through which the event has – or does not have – an impact on the organisation, actions and conduct of the public power. The aim is to identify potential changes or limited adjustments, but always within situations of transition born from the conflict. Is the intensification of the State's hold on society immediate or gradual, continuous or discontinuous? Are there slower phases, failures? Is it paralleled with a loss of influence in other areas? Is it possible to detect forms of resistance or avoidance, while refraining from all generalizations and risky extrapolations? Questioning the process of nationalisation of European societies is one of the challenges of this multidisciplinary work, which is widely open in space and time around the 1914 key date. Composed of well-defined surveys, the book falls within a social perspective of war, and allows us to question what seems obvious, at least in France: the spectacular capacity of the State to mobilize, almost overnight, an entire society

Morphologies

Séminaire commun avec la participation de : Olivier Abel, Luciano Boi, Jean-Claude Bonne, Marion Carel, Giovanni Careri, Enrico Castelli Gattinara, Patrice Ceccarini, Danièle Cohn, Georges Didi-Huberman, Fernando Gil, Maurizio Gribaudi, Ryozo Hiyama, Bernard Jaulin, Gérard Jorland, Farhad Khosrokhavar, Hervé Le Bras, Giovanni Levi, Sabina Loriga, Silvia Mancini, Jean Petitot, Pierre Rosenstiehl, Carlo Severi, Wiktor Stoczkowski, Lorraine Verner Compte rendu non communiqué