La resignificación de la reforma de secundaria por parte de los docentes mediante su participación en acciones de formación continua

La Reforma de la Secundaria de 2006 ha representado un cambio sin precedentes pues ha implicado una nueva forma de abordar el hecho educativo, que transita de un modelo centrado en contenidos a otro que propone el desarrollo de competencias; de una organización escolar caracterizada por el trabajo individual, a una sustentada en el trabajo colegiado; de la fragmentación del currículo a la integración mediante la transversalidad curricular. Consecuentemente ha requerido también de un cambio profundo en el docente en cuanto a estas tres dimensiones de la práctica educativa, bastante alejadas de la práctica tradicional centrada en el trabajo individual, frontal y transmisionista de contenidos enciclopédicos. Este trabajo describe y analiza cómo un grupo de docentes han enfrentado estas demandas de la reforma y ha logrado la resignificación de sus lineamientos e implicaciones a través de su participación en actividades de formación continua en espacios formales e informales caracterizados por el intercambio dialógico y la colaboración sobre diversos aspectos de la reforma y su relación con la práctica docente. El análisis se hace desde la teoría sociocultural y la teoría de la actividad. Se utilizó el método de estudio de caso instrumental, entrevistas a profundidad a los profesores y directivos así como la observación de sesiones de academias. El estudio minucioso de este proceso a la luz del marco teórico referido permitió identificar factores y condiciones que lo propiciaron entre los que se destacan algunos rasgos personales, la agencia de los profesores, su organización como comunidades de práctica y un ejercicio participativo del liderazgo escolar. Estos hallazgos fundamentan la formulación de lineamientos para el trabajo de formación y desarrollo docente que puedan ser replicados en otros planteles de este nivel.ITESO, A.C

Principales factores para determinar la inversión productiva en las MiPyMEs

The objective in this paper was to determine the main reasons that, very likely, drive productive investment by decisions makers in micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This, down to the importance of such organizations for the economy of many countries and the severe mortality problem that they face. Employing a binary logistic regression model, the analysis of data obtained from 58 entrepreneurs from the municipality of Quiroga, Mich. (Mexico), suggests that taxes, raw material shortages, and trust in suppliers, are fundamental for productive investment. We suggest authorities to revisit tax-burden policies for SMEs and support for suppliers as supportive economic agents for the firms in mention. Limitations are discussed and so are future research opportunities.      El objetivo en este trabajo fue determinar las principales causas que, muy probablemente, motivan la inversión productiva por parte de los tomadores de decisiones en las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MiPyMEs).  Esto, dada la importancia de tales organizaciones en la economía de muchos paìses y la gran problemática de mortalidad que enfrentan. Mediante un modelo de regresión logística binaria, el análisis de datos de 58 empresarios del municipio de Quiroga, Mich., revela que los impuestos, la escasez de materia prima y la confianza en los proveedores son fundamentales para realizar una inversión productiva. Se sugiere revisar principalmente las políticas impositivas a estas empresas y el apoyo a los proveedores como agentes económicos de soporte para las MiPyMEs. Se discuten limitaciones así como oportunidades para nuevos estudios.  &nbsp

Una aproximación a la concepción de las prácticas innovadoras en las universidades de la Asociación de Universidades Confiadas a la Compañía de Jesús en América Latina (AUSJAL)

El propósito de esta investigación fue realizar un estudio exploratorio sobre las diferentes concepciones de las prácticas educativas innovadoras realizadas en algunas de las universidades de la Asociación de Universidades confiadas a la Compañía de Jesús en América Latina (AUSJAL). Se aplicó una encuesta en formato digital a diferentes actores de la comunidad educativa. Las conclusiones señalan que las prácticas oexperiencias educativas innovadoras en las universidades participantes, en su mayoría, consisten en actividades relacionadas con la gestión del currículo. También, en la incorporación de métodos pedagógicos y didácticos específicos. Asimismo, un número importante de los consultados refirió la incorporación de alguna herramienta tecnológicacomo una innovación educativa. En síntesis, las prácticas o experiencias educativas innovadoras se caracterizan por ser novedosas, creativas y responden a las necesidades del entorno, mejoran el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, propician aprendizajes significativos, dan respuesta a situaciones problemáticas y fortalecen la formación de los estudiantes

Mycorrhiza induced resistance against pests: from the lab to the field

1 página - Conferencia invitada presentada en Iberian Plant Biology 2023. XVIII Portuguese-Spanish Congress on Plant Biology and the XXV Meeting of the Spanish Society of Plant Biology. 9-12 Julio 2023, Braga, PortugalArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can prime plant defences increasing their resistance against pathogens and insect herbivores. Using tomato as a model, we have shown that inoculation with different AMF reduces the performance of the chewing herbivore Spodoptera exigua and the leaf miner Tuta absoluta. Transcriptomic and metabolomics analyses revealed that this Mycorrhiza Induced Resistance (MIR) is associated to boosted activation of plant direct and indirect defences in response to the attackers. We found primed accumulation in attacked leaves of antiherbivore metabolites, including alkaloids and polyamine conjugates, and functional analyses demonstrated that some of the identified compounds significantly inhibit herbivore development. In addition, the symbiosis altered the volatile blends released by the plant, and enhanced the attraction of natural enemies of the pests (Nesidiocoris tenuis, commonly used in biocontrol programs). Finally, networks analyses allowed the identification of key regulators of the primed response within the jasmonic acid and ethylene signalling pathways. Despite the many studies showing induced resistance by microorganisms in different plant‐pest systems, the variability in the protection achieved under agronomic settings is hindering the application of this strategy in agriculture. Plant‐microbe‐herbivore interactions are highly context dependent, with multiple biotic and abiotic factors influencing the final output. Identifying such factors is essential to optimize the application of microbial inoculants for crop protection in agriculture. We found that the plant genotype and nutrient availability are important drivers of the context dependency of MIR in tomato. Despite of the variability, comparisons across different experimental scales, from controlled lab set‐ups to commercial production conditions, confirmed that MIR can be achieved under crop production conditions and is compatible with other biocontrol methods. Accordingly, MIR can be a relevant addition to current Integrated Pest Management Programs

The HIV-1 reservoir landscape in persistent elite controllers and transient elite controllers

FUNDING. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FI17/00186, FI19/00083, MV20/00057, PI18/01532, PI19/01127 and PI22/01796), Gilead Fellowships (GLD22/00147). NIH grants AI155171, AI116228, AI078799, HL134539, DA047034, MH134823, amfAR ARCHE and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.BACKGROUND. Persistent controllers (PCs) maintain antiretroviral-free HIV-1 control indefinitely over time, while transient controllers (TCs) eventually lose virological control. It is essential to characterize the quality of the HIV reservoir in terms of these phenotypes in order to identify the factors that lead to HIV progression and to open new avenues toward an HIV cure. METHODS. The characterization of HIV-1 reservoir from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed using next-generation sequencing techniques, such as full-length individual and matched integration site proviral sequencing (FLIP-Seq; MIP-Seq). RESULTS. PCs and TCs, before losing virological control, presented significantly lower total, intact, and defective proviruses compared with those of participants on antiretroviral therapy (ART). No differences were found in total and defective proviruses between PCs and TCs. However, intact provirus levels were lower in PCs compared with TCs; indeed the intact/defective HIV-DNA ratio was significantly higher in TCs. Clonally expanded intact proviruses were found only in PCs and located in centromeric satellite DNA or zinc-finger genes, both associated with heterochromatin features. In contrast, sampled intact proviruses were located in permissive genic euchromatic positions in TCs. CONCLUSIONS. These results suggest the need for, and can give guidance to, the design of future research to identify a distinct proviral landscape that may be associated with the persistent control of HIV-1 without ART.Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FI17/00186, FI19/00083, MV20/00057, PI18/01532, PI19/01127, PI22/01796)Gilead Fellowships (GLD22/00147)NIH grants AI155171, AI116228, AI078799, HL134539, DA047034, MH134823, amfAR ARCHEBill and Melinda Gates Foundatio

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

All-cause mortality in the cohorts of the Spanish AIDS Research Network (RIS) compared with the general population: 1997Ł2010

Abstract Background: Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has produced significant changes in mortality of HIVinfected persons. Our objective was to estimate mortality rates, standardized mortality ratios and excess mortality rates of cohorts of the AIDS Research Network (RIS) (CoRIS-MD and CoRIS) compared to the general population. Methods: We analysed data of CoRIS-MD and CoRIS cohorts from 1997 to 2010. We calculated: (i) all-cause mortality rates, (ii) standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and (iii) excess mortality rates for both cohort for 100 personyears (py) of follow-up, comparing all-cause mortality with that of the general population of similar age and gender. Results: Between 1997 and 2010, 8,214 HIV positive subjects were included, 2,453 (29.9%) in CoRIS-MD and 5,761 (70.1%) in CoRIS and 294 deaths were registered. All-cause mortality rate was 1.02 (95% CI 0.91-1.15) per 100 py, SMR was 6.8 (95% CI 5.9-7.9) and excess mortality rate was 0.8 (95% CI 0.7-0.9) per 100 py. Mortality was higher in patients with AIDS, hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection, and those from CoRIS-MD cohort (1997. Conclusion: Mortality among HIV-positive persons remains higher than that of the general population of similar age and sex, with significant differences depending on the history of AIDS or HCV coinfection

Anales del III Congreso Internacional de Vivienda y Ciudad "Debate en torno a la nueva agenda urbana"

Acta de congresoEl III Congreso Internacional de Vivienda y Ciudad “Debates en torno a la NUEVa Agenda Urbana”, ha sido una apuesta de alto compromiso por acercar los debates centrales y urgentes que tensionan el pleno ejercicio del derecho a la ciudad. Para ello las instituciones organizadoras (INVIHAB –Instituto de Investigación de Vivienda y Hábitat y MGyDH-Maestría en Gestión y Desarrollo Habitacional-1), hemos convidado un espacio que se concretó con potencia en un debate transdisciplinario. Convocó a intelectuales de prestigio internacional, investigadores, académicos y gestores estatales, y en una metodología de innovación articuló las voces académicas con las de las organizaciones sociales y/o barriales en el Foro de las Organizaciones Sociales que tuvo su espacio propio para dar voz a quienes están trabajando en los desafíos para garantizar los derechos a la vivienda y los bienes urbanos en nuestras ciudades del Siglo XXI

Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

Peer reviewe

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions