El aprendizaje de la música a través de apps como estrategias de gamificación en la Educación Primaria

233 páginas.Trabajo de Máster Oficial Interuniversitario en Comunicación y Educación Audiovisual (2019/20). Tutora: Ana Duarte Hueros. Las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) son herramientas esenciales para adaptar el aprendizaje consiguiendo una mayor motivación en los alumnos. Entonces, por qué no utilizarlas en la educación musical, ya que siempre han estado integradas para las composiciones musicales; por este motivo, surge la necesidad de seleccionar, evaluar, categorizar y comparar diversas apps para determinar su aplicación como recurso de gamificación para la Educación Primaria. A través de unos criterios, se seleccionaron 20 apps y 4 docentes especialistas de música del ámbito universitario para que aporten sus valoraciones sobre estas herramientas. Para conseguirlo, se utilizó un instrumento de evaluación para medir el grado de idoneidad de las apps. Asimismo, surgió la necesidad de establecer las temáticas de la educación musical para ubicar los recursos seleccionados dentro de un bloque de contenido. Posteriormente, utilizando una metodología mixta se transcribió los resultados obtenidos para mostrar las descripciones más relevantes de la muestra. Finalmente, se pudo determinar que el 70% de las apps son idóneas para integrarla en un contexto educativo de la educación musical, pero no solo para el ámbito de Primaria, sino para todas las etapas donde se integra esta área: Conservatorio, Universidad, etc.Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are essential tools to adapt learning by achieving greater motivation in students. So, why not use them in musical education, when always been integrated for musical compositions? For this reason, there is a need to select, evaluate, categorize and compare apps to determine its application as a gamification resource in Primary Education. Through some criteria, 20 apps and 4 specialist teachers of music from the university were selected to contribute their evaluations on of these tools. Subsequently, an evaluation tool was used to measure the suitability of applications for musical learning. Also, it was established the thematic of music education to locate selected resources within a content block. Subsequently, using a mixed methodology the results obtained were transcribed to show the most relevant descriptions of the sample. Finally, it was determined that 70% of the apps are suitable to integrate it in an educational context of music education. In conclusion, not only for the Primary area, but for all the stages where this area is integrated: Conservatory, University, etc

Influência da invasora Tradescatia Zebrina (SCHINZ) D.R.Hunt (COMMELINACEAE) nos regenerantes de fragmentos florestais sob diferentes condições de luminosidade

Anais do V Encontro de Iniciação Científica e I Encontro Anual de Iniciação ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico e Inovação – EICTI 2016 - 05 e 07 de outubro de 2016 – Sessão BiológicasInvasión biológica es el proceso por el cual nuevas especies introducidas generan impactos negativos en el ambiente invadido y a las especies nativas que lo componen (Simberloff, 2005). Entre las características que definen una especie invasora están las altas tasas de reproducción y dispersión, plasticidad fenotípica y una buena capacidad competitiva (Valery et al., 2008). La cuestión de la dominancia refleja los impactos causados por la invasora. Superando las barreras ambientales, la estrategia es limitar la competición y desarrollo de especies nativas, que puede resultar en su extinción (Barbosa, 2008). Tradescantia zebrina (Schinz) D. R. Hunt (Commelinaceae) es una fuerte competidora con especies nativas, ocupando gran parte del suelo e interfiriendo en el desarrollo natural de las plantas nativas (Pedrosa-Macedo et al., 2007). Dentro del Parque Nacional de Iguazú (PNI), la presencia de esta invasora es impactante, haciendo necesarios estudios que busquen responder de que manera se expresa la capacidad invasiva de T. zebrina. Con foco en las primeras fases de desarrollo de las plantas nativas, desarrollamos experimentos para conocer el grado de influencia de la planta invasora y como el ecosistema responde a esa reducción o remoción de la invasión. Nuestro objetivo fue conocer el desarrollo de nuevos individuos (regenerantes) en una comunidad de plantas invadida por T. zebrina bajo diferentes condiciones competitivas y luminosas simultáneamente. Usando diferentes tratamientos de remoción y luminosidad natural, esperamos que (1) cuanto mayor luminosidad, mayor altura de los regenerantes y que (2) la presencia de la invasora influya decreciendo el desarrollo de los regenerantes arbóreos

Bottom-up control of sardine and anchovy population cycles in the canary current: insights from an end-to-end model simulation

Sardine and anchovy can exhibit dramatic decadal-scale shifts in abundance in response to climate variability. Sharpe declines of these populations entail particularly serious commercial and ecological consequences in eastern boundary current ecosystems, where they sustain major world fisheries and provide the forage for a broad variety of predators. Understanding the mechanisms and environmental forcing that drive the observed fish variability remains a challenging problem. The modelling study presented here provides an approach that bridges a comprehensive database with an end-to-end modelling framework enabling the investigation of the sources of variability of sardine and anchovy in the Canary Current System. Different biological traits and behaviour prescribed for sardine and anchovy gave rise to different distribution and displacements of the populations, but to a rather synchronous variability in terms of abundance and biomass, in qualitative agreement with historical landing records. Analysis of years with anomalously high increase and decline of the adult population points to food availability (instead of temperature or other environmental drivers) as the main environmental factor determining recruitment for both sardine (via spawning and survival of feeding age-0 individuals) and anchovy (via survival of feeding age-0). Consistent with this, the two species thrive under enhanced upwelling-favourable winds, but only up to some threshold of the wind velocity beyond which larval drift mortality exceeds the positive effect of the extra food supply. Based on the analysis of the simulation, we found that anchovy larvae are particularly vulnerable to enhanced wind-driven advection, and as such do better with more moderate upwelling than sardines.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Population distribution and biomass variability of sardine and anchovy in the Canary current system as simulated by an end-to-end coupled model

Small pelagic fishes as sardine and anchovy account for as much as 20-25% of the world fisheries catch. They are particularly abundant in the four major eastern boundary upwelling ecosystems, where high levels of biological productivity are sustained by the supply of nutrient-rich water from beneath the photic zone. An intrinsic and puzzling feature of small pelagic fish is the large fluctuations of their population, typically occurring at decadal scales. The causes for such fluctuations have been extensively analyzed and discussed in the literature, yet our understanding of the mechanism involved is very limited. End-to-end models are emerging tools useful to test hypothesis for such fish population variability or to gain new insights into the problem. This comprehensive and complex model approach is now becoming possible largely thanks to the present-day computer power. This contribution focuses on the population dynamics of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Canary Current Upwelling Ecosystem. We describe and present the results of an end-to-end coupled model simulation including these two small pelagic species. The end-to-end application includes three model components: the ROMS circulation sub-model, the lower trophic ecosystem sub-model NEMURO, and a recently developed individual-based model for the fish (Rose et al. 2015; Fiechter et al. 2015). The computational grid for the three models covers NW Africa and the Western Iberian Peninsula at a spatial resolution of 12 km. This resolution is sufficient for certain eddy variability to occur in ROMS. Different biological traits were prescribed for anchovy and sardine: temperature optimum, diet preferences, and the onset and duration of the spawning season, among others. A hind-cast simulation of the period 1958-2007 was carried out. Model results reveal a fairly different behavior of sardine and anchovy. Anchovies gather off the northern part of Morocco and the Gulf of Cadiz, whereas sardines appear more scattered across the domain, further offshore, and further south, where upwelling favorable conditions take place year round. Both species exhibit decadal-scale fluctuations in both the location of the center of mass of the population and their biomass abundance; the latter being reasonably correlated with historical landing records.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar CEIMAR. Campus de Excelencia Andalucía Tec

Amino acids profile of 56 species of microalgae reveals that free amino acids allow to distinguish between phylogenetic groups

Microalgae represent a phototrophic resource with a high protein content, whose nutritional value is very high as a result of its amino acid profile. Although the total amino acid profile has been repeatedly described to change little among phylogenetic groups of microalgae, some variability has occasionally been reported. Part of this uncertainty is associated with the low phylogenetic diversity encompassed in the work to date and the high methodological variability between studies. Among these studies, very few have differentiated between total and free amino acid content for common microalgae samples. Thus, in the present work, the profile of total and free amino acids has been determined in a diverse group composed of 56 species of microalgae belonging to 7 phyla. A multivariate analysis of the total amino acid profile in the studied microalgae group revealed close amino acid patterns throughout microalgae phylogeny and agreed with results obtained from similar analysis performed with published data. Conversely, the free amino acid profile strongly differentiated between phylogenetic groups. On the one hand, species of Cyanobacteria, Plantae, Cryptophyta, and Bacillariophyta showed close free amino acid patterns, characterized by the highest abundance of free glutamic acid. Ochrophyta species were particularly rich in free proline, while the free amino acid profile of Miozoa and Haptophyta species stood out from the rest of the phylogenetic groups for their outstanding levels of the two essential amino acids phenylalanine and lysine. Haptophyta species were also characterized by their much higher free tyrosine content.This work was supported by the European Union Cooperation Program INTERREG VA POCTEP-055 ALGARED PLUS5E Spain-Portugal (2014–2020). The authors are grateful to the Fertinagro Biotech Foundation (C´atedra Fertinagro Biotech Universidad de Huelva). Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Huelva / CBUA is acknowledged

Comportamiento mecánico de restos de pirámides y templos americanos y los edificios históricos construidos sobre ellos

Una característica bastante habitual de monumentos y edificios históricos suele ser el estar construidos sobre otros edificios que bien fueron demolidos para levantar los actuales o bien fueron olvidados. Las nuevas construcciones suelen estar edificadas en parte sobre rellenos artificiales relativamente blandos y sobre zonas rígidas, restos de los muros anteriores. Esta disposición llega a provocar una serie de patologías características. Un caso singular de este tipo de levantamientos es la construcción de iglesias y palacios en Hispanoamérica sobre los restos de las antiguas pirámides. Además de los casos en México D.F., existen bastantes poblaciones en Guatemala y en el resto de México con pirámides parcialmente destruidas que están siendo o fueron utilizadas como base para cimentaciones de “nuevos” edificios históricos. Existen también otros casos en los que, al no disponer de cubrición en su parte superior, permiten el paso del agua de lluvia. En este artículo se muestra como el comportamiento de estas pirámides y construcciones antiguas incluidas en el terreno es más parecido al de estructuras de contención (muros) que al de plataformas horizontales debido a que el agua de lluvia aumenta los empujes sobre las capas exteriores y estos edificios, como sucede con pirámides de Guatemala y México, sufren una degradación importante. Además, se demuestra el efecto de rigidización lateral del terreno y reducción de asientos en las construcciones cimentadas sobre suelos que contienen estos restos, los cuales suponen una mejora importante de la capacidad portante.Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran CanariaColegio Oficial de Ingenieros Industriales de CanariasAgencia Canaria de Investigación, Innovación y Sociedad de la Informació

DQB1*0602 allele shows a strong association with multiple sclerosis in patients in Malaga, Spain.

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [Fernández O, Fernández V, Alonso A, Caballero A, Luque G, Bravo M, León A, Mayorga C, Leyva L, de Ramón E. DQB1*0602 allele shows a strong association with multiple sclerosis in patients in Malaga, Spain. J Neurol. 2004 Apr;251(4):440-4], which has been published in final form at [doi: 10.1007/s00415-004-0350-2].Política de acceso abierto tomada de: https://www.sherpa.ac.uk/id/publication/8072Background The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II DR2 haplotype (DRB1*1501, DQA1*0102, DQB1*0602) has been associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) in all ethnic groups and very strongly in Caucasians. Aim To investigate the possible HLA class II (DRB1,DQA1 and DQB1) associations with MS in Malaga, southern Spain. Methods We analysed the HLA class II sub-regions DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization (PCR/SSO) for DRB1 and DQB1 and with sequence-specific primers (PCR/SSP) for DRB1 subtypes and DQA1. Possible HLA class II associations with clinical MS characteristics were investigated in 149 subjects with and 160 without MS. Results Associations were detected between MS and the HLA class II alleles DRB1*1501 (45.6 % vs. 21.3%, p=0.001),DQA1*0102 (44% vs. 29.4%, p=0.001) and DQB1*0602 (45% vs. 20.6%, p=0.001). The DR2 haplotype (DRB1*1501, DQA1*0102, DQB1*0602) was associated with MS (43.6 % vs. 20%, p=0.002). DQB1*0602 was the only allele that maintained an association with MS in a logistic regression model. No HLA class II alleles or genotypes were significantly associated with any clinical characteristics of MS. Conclusions Our results confirm the positive association of the DR2 haplotype with MS, particularly the allele DQB1*0602, in the population studied. DR4 was not associated with the disease in Malaga. HLA class II alleles or haplotype were not associated with clinical or demographic characteristics, or clinical form or severity of MS

Modelling biotrickling filters to minimize elemental sulfur accumulation during biogas desulfurization under aerobic conditions

A mathematical dynamic model describing biological removal of high loads of H2S from biogas streams through a biotrickling filter (BTF) was developed, calibrated and validated to a range of specific experimental conditions of a lab-scale BTF. This model takes into account the main processes occurring in the three phases of the desulfurizing BTF (gas, liquid and biofilm phase) in a co-current configuration flow mode. This model attempts to describe accurately intermediate products obtained from H2S oxidation using kinetic models, previously developed using respirometric techniques with biomass samples obtained from the same BTF set up used here. Previous to the model parameters calibration, a sensitivity analysis was performed in order to focus the parameters estimation on those parameters that showed a highest influence on modelling results over the main process variables. To calibrate the model, an objective function considering the difference between the experimental and the predicted data was minimized. Experimental data for model calibration corresponded to a period of 5 days of operation of the BTF under stepwise increasing H2S concentrations between 2000 and 10000 ppmv. Once the model was calibrated, model was validated by simulating a period of 2 months of operation of the BTF at an average concentration of 2000 ppmv. Validation was successfully achieved since the model also described the reactor performance during a pseudo steady-state period.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor expression on lymphocyte subsets in multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferon-β: evaluation as biomarkers for clinical response

Background: Both the adaptative and the innate immune systems interplay in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogeny. Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are key regulators of the immune response, with activating and inhibitory isoforms. Objective: In this study we analysed whether the expression of KIR isoforms is implicated in MS pathogenesis and in the therapeutic response to interferon (IFN)-β. Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 78 IFN-β-treated MS patients and 46 healthy controls (HC). KIR expression was evaluated by flow cytometry on natural killer (NK) and T cells. Results: The expression of KIRs on NK cells and T lymphocytes did not differ between MS patients and HC. IFN-β therapy decreased the expression of KIR2DL1/2DS1 and increased that of KIR2DL2/3 on NK cells. This therapy also reduced KIR2DL1/2DS1, KIR2DL2/2DL3 and KIR3DL2 expression on CD8(+) T cells. The baseline evaluation of the percentage of circulating CD16(+) NK cells was predictive of the clinical response to IFN-β; however, response to this therapy did not appear related to KIR expression. Conclusions: This study shows that expression of KIR isoforms on NK and T lymphocytes correlated in different ways with IFN-β therapy, suggesting that KIR dynamics may be associated with the pathways involved in the mechanisms of action of IFN-β

Scoping review of the methodology of large health surveys conducted in Spain early on in the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundThe use of health surveys has been key in the scientific community to promptly communicate results about the health impact of COVID-19. But what information was collected, where, when and how, and who was the study population?ObjectiveTo describe the methodological characteristics used in large health surveys conducted in Spain early on in the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsScoping review. Inclusion criteria: observational studies published between January 2020 and December 2021, with sample sizes of over 2,000 persons resident in Spain. Databases consulted: PubMed, CINAHL, Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en CC de la Salud, Scopus, PsycINFO, Embase, Sociological Abstracts, Dialnet and Web of Science Core Collection. We analyzed the characteristics of the literature references, methodologies and information gathered in the surveys selected. Fifty five studies were included.ResultsSixty percentage of the studies included had mental health as their main topic and 75% were conducted on the general adult population. Thirteen percentage had a longitudinal design, 93% used the internet to gather information and the same percentage used non-probability sampling. Thirty percentage made some type of sampling correction to reduce coverage or non-response biases, but not selection biases. Sixty seven percentage did not state the availability of their data.ConclusionsConsistent with the extensive use of non-probability sampling without any bias correction in the extraordinary setting created by COVID-19, quality population frameworks are required so that probability and representative samples can be extracted quickly to promptly address other health crises, as well as to reduce potential coverage, non-response and particularly selection biases by utilizing reweighting techniques. The low data accessibility despite the huge opportunity that COVID-19 provided for Open Science-based research is striking