BIOTECHNOLOGY TOOLS FOR ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

INDIA-CHINA STRATEGIC COMPETITION IN THE INDIAN OCEAN

The XXI is considered by major countries in the Asia-Pacific region as ‘the century of sea and ocean’ and is accompanied by fierce competition among the nations to gain interest in the sea regions. On the basis that previously only considered the competition for military objectives, geostrategic bases and traffic channels through the straits, nowadays, countries worldwide have stepped up the competition for economic interests and marine resources. The development of military power and the competitive activities for resources at sea show clear the tendency to use the sea to contain the continent. In that context, the Indian Ocean, as the world’s third largest ocean, has an important geographic location and rich and diverse natural resources; the arterial sea route is gradually becoming the center of new world geopolitics and an important area in the strategic competition between two ‘Asian giants’ - India and China. The competition between these countries in the Indian Ocean is growing and profoundly impacts the region’s stability and security. This article focuses on the position and important role of the Indian Ocean in the policies of India and China, the fierce competition between the two countries in nearly two decades of the XXI century.    &nbsp

Effects of Data Standardization on Hyperparameter Optimization with the Grid Search Algorithm Based on Deep Learning: A Case Study of Electric Load Forecasting

This study investigates data standardization methods based on the grid search (GS) algorithm for energy load forecasting, including zero-mean, min-max, max, decimal, sigmoid, softmax, median, and robust, to determine the hyperparameters of deep learning (DL) models. The considered DL models are the convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory network (LSTMN). The procedure is made over (i) setting the configuration for CNN and LSTMN, (ii) establishing the hyperparameter values of CNN and LSTMN models based on epoch, batch, optimizer, dropout, filters, and kernel, (iii) using eight data standardization methods to standardize the input data, and (iv) using the GS algorithm to search the optimal hyperparameters based on the mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percent error (MAPE) indexes. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified on the power load data of the Australian state of Queensland and Vietnamese Ho Chi Minh city. The simulation results show that the proposed data standardization methods are appropriate, except for the zero-mean and min-max methods

DESIGNING A GEODATABASE MODEL FOR URBAN INFORMATION SYSTEM AT THE BASIC LEVEL (Case Study in Nguyen Du Ward, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi City)

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

SHEDDING TO GROW: THE COMING DOI MOI 2.0 IN VIETNAM’S FOREIGN POLICY

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to revisit the characteristics of Vietnam’s foreign policy since its renovation in 1986, also known as Doi Moi, and explore its future trajectory in the coming decades. Methodology: This study employs a well-established analytical framework relying on the two-level game theory in foreign policy analysis which denotes that a state’s foreign policy is shaped by both external and domestic factors. Primary data are collected from a wide range of trusted resources and databases and communications of the authors with Vietnamese veteran diplomats and foreign policymakers. Main finding: This article finds that three decades since the launching of Doi Moi in 1986, fundamental principles of Vietnam’s foreign policy remains intact. Because both domestic and external foundations for the initial stage of renovation have fundamentally been replaced by new contexts, Hanoi will likely move towards the so-called Doi Moi 2.0 characterized by greater proactiveness and determination. Applications of this study: This study has implication for policymakers, scholars and experts in the disciplines and subfields of politics, international relations, foreign policy analysis given that Vietnam has been well known for its significant achievements in its diplomatic relations after the Cold War and it is playing a growing role in regional and international affairs. The originality of this study: This study makes an original contribution to the existing literature of Vietnam’s foreign policy because it digs into an issue where only a few numbers of scholars have touched upon and provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors influencing Hanoi’s mindset, shaping Vietnam’s national interests and formulating Vietnam’s foreign policy in the coming decades

Comparing the Harrod-Domar, Solow and Ramsey growth models and their implications for economic policies

Purpose – The principal aim of this paper is to review three basic theoretical growth models, namely the Harrod-Domar model, the Solow model and the Ramsey model, and examine their implications for economic policies. Design/methodology/approach – The paper utilizes a positivist research framework that emphasizes the causal relationships between the variables in each of the three models. Mathematical methods are employed to formulate and examine the three models under study. Since the paper is theoretical, it does not use any empirical data although numerical illustrations are provided whenever they are appropriate. Findings – The Harrod-Domar model explains why countries with high rates of saving may also enjoy high rate of economic growth. Both the Solow and Ramsey models can be used to explain the medium-income trap. The paper examines the impact of Covid shocks on the macroeconomy. While the growth rate can be recovered, it may not always possible to recover the output level. Research limitations/implications – For the Harrod-Domar model, the public spending decreases the private consumption at the period 1, but there is no change in the capital stock and hence the production in subsequent periods. For the Ramsey model with AK production function, both the private consumption and the outputs will be lowered. In both the Harrod-Domar and Ramsey models with Cobb-Douglas production function, if the debt is not high and the interest rate is sufficiently low, it is better to use public debt for production rather than for consumption. If the country borrows to recover the Total Factor Productivity after the Covid pandemic, both the Harrod-Domar and Ramsey models with Cobb-Douglas production function show that the rate of growth is higher for the year just after the pandemic but is the same as before the pandemic. Practical implications – The economy can recover the growth rate after a Covid shock, but the recovery process will generally take many periods. Social implications – This paper focuses on economic implications and does not aim to examine social implications of policy changes or Covid-type shock. Originality/value – The paper provides a comparison of three basic growth models with respect to public spending, public debts and repayments and Covid-type shocks

DISTRIBUTION OF USEFUL AND HARMFUL MICROORGANISMS IN SHRIMP AQUACULTURE WATER IN TIEN HAI COASTAL OF THAI BINH PROVINCE

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart