La democracia constitucional en El Salvador. Retos y desafíos frente a los poderes absolutos

RESUMEN: La democracia constitucional es constituida como un sistema de gobierno adoptado por un Estado de Derecho que se rige bajo los principios establecidos en la Constitución y el respeto incondicional de los derechos fundamentales. El gobierno salvadoreño es Republicano, Democrático y Representativo, tal y como lo expresa el artículo 85 de la Constitución de la República. En el presente trabajo de investigación se analizan los acontecimientos ocurridos el 9 de febrero de 2020 y los hechos que fueron perpetrados durante la pandemia COVID-19 en El Salvador, con la finalidad de identificar a través de la doctrina y la jurisprudencia, los derechos y principios puestos en peligro como consecuencia de decisiones tomadas por el Presidente de la República Nayib Bukele, categorizadas como anticonstitucionales. ABSTRACT: Constitutional democracy is constituted as a system of government adopted by a State of Law that is governed by the principles established in the Constitution and the unconditional respect of fundamental rights. The Salvadoran government is Republican, Democratic and Representative, as expressed in Article 85 of the Constitution of the Republic. This research work analyzes the events that occurred on February 9, 2020 and the events that were perpetrated during the COVID-19 pandemic in El Salvador, in order to identify through doctrine and jurisprudence, the rights and principles endangered as a result of decisions made by the President of the Republic Nayib Bukele, categorized as unconstitutiona

Search for pair-produced vector-like B quarks in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 8 TeV

A search for the production of a heavy B quark, having electric charge -1/3 and vector couplings to W, Z, and H bosons, is carried out using proton-proton collision data recorded at the CERN LHC by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns. The B quark is assumed to be pair-produced and to decay in one of three ways: to tW, bZ, or bH. The search is carried out in final states with one, two, and more than two charged leptons, as well as in fully hadronic final states. Each of the channels in the exclusive final-state topologies is designed to be sensitive to specific combinations of the B quark-antiquark pair decays. The observed event yields are found to be consistent with the standard model expectations in all the final states studied. A statistical combination of these results is performed and upper limits are set on the cross section of the strongly produced B quark-antiquark pairs as a function of the B quark mass. Lower limits on the B quark mass between 740 and 900 GeV are set at a 95% confidence level, depending on the values of the branching fractions of the B quark to tW, bZ, and bH. Overall, these limits are the most stringent to date