Study of barium bismuth titanate prepared by mechanochemical synthesis

Barium-bismuth titanate, BaBi4Ti4O15 (BBT), a member of Aurivillius bismuth-based layer-structure perovskites, was prepared from stoichiometric amounts of barium titanate and bismuth titanate obtained via mechanochemical synthesis. Mechanochemical synthesis was performed in air atmosphere in a planetary ball mill. The reaction mechanism of BaBi4Ti4O15 and the preparation and characteristics of BBT ceramic powders were studied using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, particle analysis and SEM. The Bi-layered perovskite structure of BaBi4Ti4O15 ceramic forms at 1100 °C for 4 h without a pre-calcination step. The microstructure of BaBi4Ti4O15 exhibits plate-like grains typical for the Bi-layered structured material and spherical and polygonal grains. The Ba2+ addition leads to changes in the microstructure development, particularly in the change of the average grain size

Characterization of nanostructured spinel NiFe2O4 obtained by soft mechanochemical synthesis

Powdery nickel ferrite, NiFe2O4 has been obtained by soft mechanochemical synthesis in a planetary ball mill. Ni(OH)2 and Fe(OH)3 are used as initial compounds. This mixture was mechanically activated for 25h, uniaxial pressed and sintered at 1100°C for 2h. The phase composition of the sintered sample was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and Raman spectroscopy. Morphologies were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrical DC/resistivity/conductivity at different temperatures was measured using a Source Meter Keithley 2410. An Impedance/Gain-Phase Analyzer (HP-4194) was used to measure the impedance spectra (100Hz - 10MHz) at different temperatures. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III 45003 i br. III 45015

Structural and ferroelectrical properties of bismuth titanate ceramic powders prepared by mechanically assisted synthesis

Nanosized bismuth titanate, Bi4Ti3O12, was prepared via a high-energy ball milling process through mechanically assisted synthesis directly from the oxide mixture of Bi2O3 and TiO2. The Bi4Ti3O12 phase started to form after 1 h of milling. With increasing the milling time from 3 to 12 h, the particle size of formed Bi4Ti3O12 did not reduce significantly. The grain size was less than 16 nm and showed a strong tendency to agglomeration. The nucleation and phase formation of Bi4Ti3O12, crystal structure, microstructure, powder grain size and specific surface area were followed by XRD, Rietveld refinement analysis, SEM and the BET specific surface area measurements. Raman spectroscopy was used to explain the structural properties of Bi4Ti3O12 powder, prepared by mechanically assisted synthesis. Reduction in grain size with the increase of milling time was also noted (change in the position and relative intensity), which indicated changes in the structure, caused by nanodimension grains. The sample milled for 12 h and subsequently sintered at 1000°C for 24 h exhibited a hysteresis loop, confirming that the synthesized material possesses ferroelectric properties.

The comparative study of the structural and the electrical properties of the nano spinel ferrites prepared by the soft mehanochemical synthesis

Nano spinel ferrites MFe2O4 (M=Ni, Mn, Zn) were obtained by soft mechanochemical synthesis in a planetary ball mill. The appropriate mixture of oxide and hydroxide powders was used as initial compounds. All of this mixture of powders was mechanically activated, uniaxial pressed and sintered at 1100°C/2h. The phase composition of the powders and sintered samples were analyzed by XRD and Raman spectroscopy. Morphologies were examined by SEM. In this study, the AC-conductivity and DC-resistivity of sintered samples of MFe2O4 (M= Ni, Mn, Zn) ferrites were measured at different frequencies and at room temperature. The values of the electrical conductivities show an increase with increasing temperature, which indicated the semiconducting behavior of the studied ferrites. The conduction phenomenon of the investigated samples could be explained on the basis of hopping model. The complex impedance spectroscopy analysis was used to study the effect of grain and grain boundary on the electrical properties of all three obtained ferrites [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III 45003