Research on artificial infection to sunflower leaves grown in conditions of the Ezăreni Farm

Sunflower is the most imporant oil crop grown in Romania, with wide use in the food and industry sector. The fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary, is a class Ascomycetes, order Heliotiales, family Sclerotinacea. The disease causes economic losses in entire world, particulary the culture on sunflower, Helianthus annuus, was the object of research and disease for decades (Gulya et al., 1997). Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib. de Bary) was described in 1837 by Libert and indentified by Fuckel in 1861(Purdy) is the fungus that causes the most damage up to 100% in many cultures(Sackston, 1992). In all temperate climates regions in the world, white rot disease is the most important, because the fungus remains in the ground,for a period of many years, and range of host plants. This fungus attacks various organs of the plant, the root, stem, leaveas, and head root. This fungus is a parasite polifag which attack over 400 plant species belonging to 75 botanical families, of which many species are plants of cultura of a particular importance in agricultura (sunflower, rapeseed, soybeans) (Boland and Hall 1994). For developing hybrids with genetic resistance, we must reduce the loss caused by this pathogen. The objective in this study was to test some sunflower hybrids under Ezăreni farm with resistant pathogen attack

Researches on resistance some sunflower hybrids to the artificial infection with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Among the main diseases that cause significant production (quantitative and qualitative), decreases in sunflower, the white rot (white rot, white mould) is frequently met. It is also know as wet rot (cottony soft rot, watery soft rot), and withering (wilt), cancer (canker), etc. (Mordue and Holliday, 1976). Disease known to be spread rapidly, it can be found in several regions of the country, particularly in Moldavia. The fungus attacks different organs of the plant: roots, stems, leaves, capitulum (Castano et al., 1987). Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary is a parasite attacks over 400 plant species of 75 botanical families, of which many species are crops with particular importance in agriculture (sunflower, rapeseed, soybean). This disease produces losses of yield due to its virulence in certain environmental conditions and due to the impossibility of compliance a rotation by most farmers. In this study, we have tested the resistance of some sunflower hybrids (Helianthus annuus L.) to the pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The research material is represented by 12 commercial sunflower hybrids. For the artificial inoculation, we have used the method provided by Rashid (1997). For the artificial infection, we have used 2 isolates the fungus, provided from Romania and Germany. There have been noticed differences in virulence of the pathogen isolates used and also differences in the response of the studied genotypes. Sunflower genotypes responded differently to artificial inoculation with two isolates of Sclerotinia depending on the environmental conditions of the year 2011, at the Ezăreni teaching resort from Iasi. Thus, the Iasi isolate, behaved in a more aggressive way, compared to the Giessen isolate, which presented lower virulence