Identifying paediatric nursing-sensitive outcomes in linked administrative health data

There is increasing interest in the contribution of the quality of nursing care to patient outcomes. Due to different casemix and risk profiles, algorithms for administrative health data that identify nursing-sensitive outcomes in adult hospitalised patients may not be applicable to paediatric patients. The study purpose was to test adult algorithms in a paediatric hospital population and make amendments to increase the accuracy of identification of hospital acquitted events. The study also aimed to determine whether the use of linked hospital records improved the likelihood of correctly identifying patient outcomes as nursing sensitive rather than being related to their pre-morbid conditions. Algorithm for nursing-sensitive outcomes used in adult populations have to be amended before application to paediatric populations. Using unlinked individual hospitalisation records to estimate rates of nursing-sensitive outcomes is likely to result in inaccurate rates

Political analysis of the conception of the Polish National Health Fund

The original publication can be found at www.springerlink.comBackground After the fall of communism, Poland implemented one of the widest reaching programmes of socio-economic reforms. However, in comparison health system reforms were less radical. At the end of the 1990s a change process had been started, but the political fight for power has heavily influenced the health reforms and led to two different reform concepts being implemented over a period of a few years. Aim The paper assesses the chances of implementation of the reform proposed in 2001 to recentralise health financing and organisation by replacing regional sickness funds by a National Health Fund. A hypothetical model is proposed which is placed at the start of the reforms and compares the model to the actual political course observed. Methods PolicyMaker software was used for a political mapping analysis. The policy content (goals and mechanisms) was based on official political documents as well as verbal declarations made by key policymakers in the media, newspapers and magazines. Results The analysis showed that the political situation was in favour of the government implementing a single National Health Fund. Nevertheless, this generated a strong resistance by the political opposition, experts and health care workers which could be a substantial obstacle for the realisation and effectiveness of the implemented model. The feasibility of the project could have been increased by implementing a number of strategies aimed at modifying the attitude of key stakeholders and by introducing the proposed reform as part of an overall improvement of the work environment for health professionals. Conclusions The concept of a National Health Fund generated important opposition against the proposed changes in the health care system. With its majority in Parliament, the government was nevertheless able to establish the new system. The actual course of the reforms however contained a large number of formal errors, which led the Constitutional Court to rule the reform as unconstitutional. Substantial imperfection of the reform caused a destabilization of the whole health care system. In addition, defeat of the reform caused a decrease of electoral support for the governing coalition.Krzysztof Krajewski-Siuda, Piotr Romaniuk and Christian A. Gerick

Malpractice Payouts and Malpractice Insurance: Evidence from Texas Closed Claims, 1990–2003*

Using medical malpractice claims with payments of $25,000 or more that closed in Texas from 1990 to 2003, this study quantifies physicians' insurance limits and examines the connection between policy size and payments on claims. It finds that most physicians had less than $1 million (nominal) in coverage, that real policy size declined, that settlements at the policy limits were common, that payment size was stable or falling, and that payments above the policy limits were rare. It also finds that physicians rarely made out-of-pocket payments, suggesting the policy limits often cap recoveries, and that the frequency of out-of-pocket payments declined as policy size increased. Results are presented separately for “perinatal physicians.”The Geneva Papers (2008) 33, 177–192. doi:10.1057/gpp.2008.3

Clinicians, Educators, and Investigators in General Internal Medicine: Bridging the Gaps

Financial and time pressures, disparate promotional pathways, geographic separation, and difficulty acknowledging personal fallibility can contribute to polarization of clinician-educators and investigators in general internal medicine (GIM). As a consequence, clinician-educators and investigators may fail to use their joint expertise, may encounter friction in their relationships, and may present a troubled image to trainees considering careers in GIM. We suggest specific strategies that clinician-educators, investigators, administrative leaders, and medical schools might use to foster collaboration