Designing and Orchestrating Embedded Innovation Networks: An Inquiry into Microfranchising in Bangladesh

Microfranchising has emerged as a potential strategy to rapidly scale up entrepreneurship within base of the pyramid (BOP) markets in order to contribute to poverty reduction and to increase economic growth. However, we know little about how such networks are designed and orchestrated in resource-scarce settings to co-create value with the different parties involved. To address this gap, we report a longitudinal case study of an emerging microfranchise network social enterprise, currently facilitated by CARE, a global humanitarian and development organization, to provide timely access to quality, affordable agricultural input and services for millions of small-scale poor farmers in Bangladesh. We draw on the orchestration of innovation network theory developed by Dhanaraj and Parkhe (2006) and the notion of network imprinting (Marquis and Tilcsik, 2013) to analyze the emerging microfranchise network in Bangladesh. As a result, we offer two types of contributions to theory and to practice. First, we offer a detailed account of how these theories are relevant and applicable to analyze and explain the emergence of microfranchise networks, and we present two key propositions to generalize to theory. Furthermore, we propose an integrated framework, combining the two theories for scholars and practitioners interested in designing innovation networks. Second, based on these empirical results and extant theory, we offer three main lessons for practitioners to advance the industry by designing and orchestrating microfranchise innovation networks in embedded contexts to achieve positive financial and social impacts

COVID-19 pandemic lessons for agri-food systems innovation

The COVID-19 pandemic provides both a warning about agri-food systems’ (AFS) functioning and an accelerator for AFS innovation. It revealed both the increasing frequency of extreme events and structural shortcomings with respect to access to healthy diets, equitable livelihoods, resilience, and climate and environmental sustainability challenges that pervade AFS worldwide (Barrett et al 2020). Return to prior state is both unlikely and undesirable. The central question is how will AFSs transform in response to the pandemic and the conditions it revealed? The pandemic has shifted awareness and incentives in ways that have the capacity—but are not guaranteed—to prompt necessary, transformational AFS adaptation (Kates et al 2012, Bassett and Fogelman 2013). Will AFS transformation occur and, if so, who will benefit and who will bear the costs and risks? Drawing on a year-long global expert panel review (Barrett et al 2020) we summarize the evidence on AFS impacts of the pandemic and offer seven key lessons to guide adjustments to policies and practices.http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326am2022Consumer ScienceFood Scienc