The trends and impacts of pipeline network distribution in nigeria petroleum industry

ABSTRACT The history of pipeline is as old as the oil industry itself. This paper examines the evolutionary trend of pipeline development in Nigeria. The general focus on pipeline recent development in Nigeria shows the importance of pipeline in the Nigerian oil industry. The various systems that are associated with the pipeline are discussed and fully analyzed accordingly. The impact of pipeline network on petroleum distribution in Nigeria is carefully examined Keywords: pipeline, network, petroleum distribution, Nigeri

The geographical location of retail outlets/ service stations in the Nigerian petroleum industry

This paper examinie the channels of petroleum distribution in Nigeria from the Refineries to Depot and Retail Outlets/Service Stations where the consumers finally purchase their products. Specifically the paper considers some of the geographical factors that are influencing the location of service stations in the Nigerian Petroleum Industry. Key words : Depots, Refineries, Retail, Locatio

Diversity of benthic biota of some freshwater habitats in Kabba/Bunu Local Government, Kogi State, North-Central, Nigeria

The composition and diversity of different water bodies in Kaaba/Bunu Local Government, Kogi State were investigated for both micro and macrobiota. The study covered Oinyi, Odogo and Odonkolo Rivers. Salinity values ranged between 0.03‰ and 0.07‰ indicating the freshwater status of these water bodies, pH was between 6.50 and 7.61.  Conductivity values were between 88.1µS/cm and 131.7µS/cm while dissolved oxygen highest value (5.12mg/L) was recorded at Odonkolo River. For the phytobenthos, eighty-five taxa recorded were distributed among five divisions, Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Charophyta, Euglenophyta and Cyanobacteria. Bacillariophyta (Diatoms) accounted for 78.28% of the identified species, followed by the Charophytes, (6.99%), Chlorophytes (5.61%), Euglenophytes (7.43%) and Cyanobacteria (1.69%). Macrobenthic invertebrates recorded three group; gastropoda (37.71%), insecta (28.57%) and oligochaeta (35.71%).Keywords: Phytobenthos, macrobenthic, Water, River, Diversity, Kogi Stat

Pattern and Behavioural Approach to Fraudulent Practices in the Informal Economic Setting

The experience of consumers in recent times has been described in various studies as disastrous and one that portends serious danger to the safety of human life.  The frequently reported cases were those that pertained to agricultural food items.  It is amusing that consumption of these products that ought to complement nutrient in human life has become source of discomfort and health hazard.  Coupled with this was the case of fraudulent practices which were reported as rampant within the traders in public markets.  In spite of this, such cases were not given the kind of adequate attention that they deserved by scholars.  This study therefore emerged as a response to this with objectives of interrogating the experiences of the victims of this anomaly through the dimension that the fraudulent practices was taking and the management approach being adopted to address it.  The study is descriptive in nature: a total of 28 respondents comprising consumers, foodstuff sellers and officials of Foodstuff Sellers Association were involved in the study. Both purposive and snowball sampling procedures were used to reach out to these respondents. Interview guide was the major instrument used to source for data from the respondents in the course of in-depth and key informant interview sessions.  All the consumers engaged as respondents here as well as some sellers acknowledged the existence of fraudulent practices within Bodija Market, Ibadan. The common fraudulent practices within this market, according to the findings of this study, included measurement cheat, hoarding of goods and mixture of the products with bad/diseased variety.  Only a few of the victims of the fraud reported the matter to the officials of the Market.  Measures adopted by the respondents to counter the fraudulent practices include extensive consultation with other consumers who patronized the market over the credibility of the sellers and their wares.  There are consumers who go about with their measurement modules (kongo) while in the market to make purchases; this category of people will not buy from any seller except those that allowed the usage of the consumers’ module alone.  Recommendations presented emanated from the respondents and were in line with the findings of the study. Keywords: Consumers, Food Stuff, Fraudulent Practices, Kongo, Sellers

Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Study Of Mixed Isoniazid-Trimethoprim Metal Drug Complexes

The Mn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ complexes of mixed  of Trimethoprim- Isoniazid were synthesized. The complexes were characterized using solubility, melting point, conductivity measurement and infrared spectroscopy.Trimethoprim complexes of coordination of the metal to the ligands is through the nitrogen of the pyrimidine group and coordination through the nitrogen of the amine group. The antimicrobial activity of the complexes were carried out against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aureginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli. The results show that the complexes were more active  than their ligands. Keywords: Trimethoprim, Isoniazid, synthesis, complexes, characterized, antimicrobial ligands metal

Assessing the challenges impeding effective primary health care delivery in Southwest Nigeria

This study seeks to investigate the challenges impeding healthcare delivery in selected Primary Health Care facilities in South West Nigeria. A quantitative approach was adopted with purposive sampling of 241 health workers across PHC facilities in South West Nigeria. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 22). The study revealed seven main challenges which included shortage of manpower, inadequate medical equipment, lack of employee motivation, lack of basic infrastructure, unavailability of drugs, poor funding and cultural belief. Consequent upon these findings, government interventions such as employment of more skilled personnel, improved working conditions, employee motivation, provision of basic facilities/equipment and better financing, is required to enhance the quality of service and sustainability of PHC in Nigeri

Advancing security in IoT-driven critical infrastructure: a focus on smart transportation system.

As new technological platforms such as the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are gradually emerging and being integrated into critical infrastructures which are subjected to digital attacks. i.e., the critical systems are vulnerable to new cybersecurity threatsand thus requires corresponding security approach to challenge the threats.It is therefore imperative to identify the various types of possible cyber-attacks on the systems and develop a security framework to manage the associated security risks. IoT-based critical infrastructure systemslike smart healthcare, smart transportation and smart manufacturing are prone to attacks such as Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, brute-force attacks, Man-in-the-Middle attacks (MiTM), Stuxnet computer virus etc. This paper focuses on a detailed study of the smart transportation system and its security issues; various threat vectors used by the attackers are examinedalongsidecorresponding countermeasures. Additionally,an in-depth analysis on how an identified malicious attack on smart transportationcould be achieved was carried out by using an open-source vehicular network tool called Vehicle in Network Simulation (Veins). A detailed evaluation of the impact of MiTM attack was then carried out based on the evaluation metrics. Results from the simulation results indicate that attacks on the built STSthesis vehicular network have a higher influence on the network. Also, although the STSthesis was a basic network that was run with considerable node, limited time and injected malicious node, the impact of the MiTM attack was still visible. Furthermore, implementing the elliptic-curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) with the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in the early stage of design and implementation will prevent the MiTM attacks from intercepting messages between legitimate nodes

Inter Agency Cooperation in Crime Management and Its Implication on Workability of Community Policing Project in Nigeria

Mamu is one of the communities that are gradually assuming heterogeneity status as a result of steady migration of people for occupation and settlement purpose.  Mamu is located in Ijebu North Local Government area of Ogun State.  Apart from the influx of settlers, the town has a popular periodic market that always attract people from neighbouring communities as well as people from states like Lagos, Oyo and Ondo States.  In spite of high influx of migrants and traders into this community, it is one of the communities that maintain almost zero level of criminal activities.  The formal and informal agencies were noted as playing substantial roles in the success being recorded in this situation.  Such interactions are the needed requisite for the successful take off of community policing in Nigeria.  In view of the constant scenarios of conflicts among the security agencies in Nigeria, the happenings in this community thus become an irresistible issue that needed to be explored for academic purpose.  The findings from the community survey carried out in the town revealed that there was strong belief in traditional system hence the resolve of some of them (59%) that they will call on vigilante when in trouble; only 13% agreed to call the police when there is trouble in the community.  At the time when some eventually experienced real trouble, only 17% actually called the Police, 55% reported the matter to the Oba-in-council and the vigilante, while 28% did not see the need to report the case.  There was strong working relationship between the Police and Vigilante group.  Activities of vigilante assisted tremendously in making the act of Policing easier.  Those that reported the case to the Police were satisfied with the way the cases were dispensed.  The factors responsible for this according to them include thoroughness, adherence to rule of law and the respect for the cooperation the Police is received from the community.  This study thus demonstrated the high prospects that with political will, the project of community policing could work in Nigeria Key words: Security, Crime, Crime management, Community Policin

Anti-nociceptive Potential of Ethanol Extract of Terminalia macroptera Guill&Perr (Combretaceae) Stem Bark in Mice

Background: Terminalia macroptera Guill. &Perr. (Combretaceae) is a flowering plant with several ethno-medicinal claims. However, the dearth of information on its analgesic property has necessitated this study.Objectives: to evaluate the anti-nociceptive potential of ethanol extract of Terminalia macroptera stem bark (TMSB) in mice.Materials and Methods: Male and female mice of weight range 22 – 25g were randomly allotted into seven groups (n= 5) and treated as follows: Group I received 0.5 mL distilled water orally (negative control), Groups II-V were orally administered ethanol extract of T. macroptera stem bark (TMSB) at 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg respectively while groups VI-VII received piroxicam 10 mg/kg and pentazocine 2 mg/kg intraperitoneally respectively as standards. The same treatment pattern was adopted for both pain models: tail immersion and acetic acid-induced writhing assays. Data were expressed as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM) using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s and Bonferroni's multiple comparisons tests with p < 0.05 taken as significance.Results: The ethanolic extract of Terminalia macroptera stem bark showed significant dose-dependent anti-nociceptive activity at 100 and 400 mg/kg (2.95±0.41 and 2.9±0.31 respectively) 60 min post-treatment compared to the negative control group in the tail immersion test. Significant inhibition of nociception (0.20±0.20) was obtained at 400 mg/kg compared to the negative control group in the acetic acid-induced writhing test.Conclusions: The ethanol extract of Terminalia macroptera stem bark exhibited dose-dependent anti-nociceptive potential in both tail immersion and acetic acid-induced writhing assays in mice