Geoecological aspects of technogenic impact on the territory of raw materials production for construction

The article is devoted to the problem of inconsistency of needs of the modern stage of the life activity of human society and the possibilities of self-restoration of Earth's geospheres. The increase in the technogenic load and the rate of consumption of natural resources leads to a disturbance of the natural balance. On the example of territories of mining of non-metallic materials, it is shown how technogenic transformation of the natural environment provokes extensive negative consequences. As a result of the quarrying of non-metallic raw materials for the construction industry, the relief, microclimate, hydrological and hydrogeological regimes of the territories, the state of ecosystems, and the pollution of the environment are changing. In the vast territories of the deposits themselves and areas adjacent to them, dangerous exogenous geodynamic processes (suffosion, erosion, landslides, screes, etc.) develop. To preserve the natural balance, it is necessary to conduct comprehensive monitoring in the areas of deposits and introduce a system of recultivation measures

Risk of the building deformation because of above-permitted standard subsidence

The authors suppose that the vulnerability of natural-and-technical system in relation to the subsidence can be equated to the financial costs of repair or new construction with the summation of losses from the temporary exception of this system from the economic activity. Then the vulnerability can be considered as the economic damage, and risk can be considered as the multiplication of damage by the probability of a dangerous event. The method of calculation of geological risk is offered in the article and can be applied in practice by geologists, mathematicians and designers

Development of the underground erosion of the soils adjoining the concrete constructions (on the example of Zagorsk pumped storage power plant, ZPSPP-2)

The matter of such a dangerous geological process as suffosion is briefly considered in the article. Some examples of destruction and removal of the suffusion unstable breeds on the contact with the concrete structure are given. Sone cases of vertical (downward and upward) and sloping streams in relation to a concrete construction are considered. It is proved that after the formation of the primary underground channel the suffosion process passes into the erosive one. This transition is smoothly and gradual, hidden from the immediate observation. However, the erosive process development leads to the repeated increase in the intensity of the incoherent soil destruction. In case of existence of soil removal zone, not only the large underground channel is formed, but also large cavities in the zone of contact of the concrete structure and the soil massif are formed. It quite often leads to the emergency situations. Studied the example of the Zagorsk PSPP-2 (ZPSPP-2). The development of the erosive process under the ZPSPP-2 building led to the formation of large cavities (up to 10 m) and to the general subsidence of the building of the plant and of the retaining wall 3 (RW3) on 1.17 m down

Geological aspects of the suffusion processes development within the city agglomerations

Some examples of suffusion processes in the urbanized territories, connected with the increased technogenic load of soil of the bases of structures and facilities of transport infrastructure are considered. Examples of suffusion development at the facilities of road infrastructure and at the projects of hidrotechnical construction are given. The reasons and regularities of suffusion processes development are revealed. Formation of suffusion holes is demonstrated on the example of the facilities of the largest megalopolis of Russia (Moscow), the city of Volgograd and the federal Moscow-Simferopol highway. The lack of proper consideration of this promptly developing process annually results in significant economic and ecological damage. The generalizing conclusions are drawn and the qualitative recommendations on prevention of suffusion development and minimization of damage in case of suffusion processes are made

Some geoecological aspects of suffosion danger in the road infrastructure using

Danger of emergence and extension of suffosionprocessesis considered on the example of some objects of the road infrastructure. Need of the analysis and accounting of suffosionrisk in construction and operation of highways is proved. The model which is showing the mechanism of suffosion destruction of soils, hidden from direct observation in natural conditions, is given. The results of the experiment which is directed for the studying the features of extension of slope suffosion process near Schmidt Direction Street of Moscow are presented. The possibility of forecasting of emergence and extension of suffusion processes under the influence of natural and technogenic factors, and also determination of the amount of the expected underground and surface suffosionmanifestations (zones of destruction, cavities, failures, decreasing, etc.) is shown. Conclusions of the initiating reasons of suffosion processes on objects of road infrastructure and some preliminary recommendations for their prevention are made

Some geoecological aspects of suffosion danger in the road infrastructure using

Danger of emergence and extension of suffosionprocessesis considered on the example of some objects of the road infrastructure. Need of the analysis and accounting of suffosionrisk in construction and operation of highways is proved. The model which is showing the mechanism of suffosion destruction of soils, hidden from direct observation in natural conditions, is given. The results of the experiment which is directed for the studying the features of extension of slope suffosion process near Schmidt Direction Street of Moscow are presented. The possibility of forecasting of emergence and extension of suffusion processes under the influence of natural and technogenic factors, and also determination of the amount of the expected underground and surface suffosionmanifestations (zones of destruction, cavities, failures, decreasing, etc.) is shown. Conclusions of the initiating reasons of suffosion processes on objects of road infrastructure and some preliminary recommendations for their prevention are made

Classification of the types and forms of loess pseudokarst

Loess pseudokarst in recent decades has been developing very rapidly and causes significant material damage. Every year, as a result of the development of loess pseudokarst, tens of thousands of hectares of valuable irrigated land are left out of the crop rotation. This is a very rapidly developing process (months, days, hours). Classification of types of loess pseudokarst depending on the conditions of its development is given. An augmented classification of pseudokarst relief forms based on the physical and chemical properties of the loess is also presented. A brief description of the types and forms of loess pseudokarst poorly illuminated in the literature is given. The nature of the interaction of some natural and technogenic processes with loess pseudokarst is considered

Risk of the loess pseudo-karst development during construction and its link with natural and technogenic processes

Crowning the tops of geological cuts and occupying considerable territories in favorable physiographic conditions, loess rocks are the very basis, which have been actively used by human society since ancient times. For example, the Loess plateau in China is the place of origin of the Chinese civilization. The loess pseudo-karst began to develop actively in loess massifs because of development of a technogenesis and active construction of civil, industrial and hydraulic engineering constructions, water supply on earlier not-developed territories for agricultural development. This dangerous geological phenomenon leads to the destruction of structures, initiates development of landslides, collapses, mud streams, ravines and as the result, quite often forms pseudo-karstic bad land. Cases, when the increase in danger of a loess pseudo-karst at high degree of vulnerability of structures, resulted both in economic and social risk are known. Knowledge of principles of danger assessment of the loess pseudo-karst development during construction and maintenance of structures of different purposes as well as the developments which have not been involved in economic activity earlier will allow minimizing economic and social damages

Danger of underground erosion and sinking of the building of pumped storage energy plant in Zagorsk

Using the probabilistic approach, authors consider the case of development of a dangerous geological phenomenon i.e. the large underground erosive channel, induced by a mechanical suffusion during construction of the pumped storage energy plant in Zagorsk (PSEP-2). Formation of the erosive channel has led to the formation of cavities with the diameter up to 10 metres in the middle and upper-quarternary, suffusion-unstable, the fluvial-and-glacial and lake-glacial deposits of the Moscow and Dnieper moraine. Thin deposits were the bearing basis of the concrete construction of the dam of PSEP-2 in Zagorsk. The lack of proper consideration of difficult engineering-and-geological conditions and the subsequent formation of emptiness has led to the unilateral draft of the building of PSEP-2 in Zagorsk. Draft of the building of PSEP-2 in Zagorsk has detained the start-up of the building into maintenance and has resulted in significant economic damage

Carbonaceous breeds as the material of engineering protection of Imeretinskaya valley (Sochi)

The experience of the use of carbonaceous breeds during the formation of the engineering protection embankments, in the territory of Imeretinskaya Valley is considered in the article. It is demonstrated how the measures of the engineering protection were held in the difficult engineering-and-geological conditions. The experiment on the use of local carbonaceous material took place on certain quarters, because of the lack of volumes of material of the embankment of the engineering protection. The soils of the Kamensk limestone quarry were used, different options of dumping of the carbonaceous soil were applied. It is proved that crushed-stone mix from carbonaceous material raises the indicators of the mechanical characteristics due to the natural cementing ability. In case when crushed-stone mix of lime marl was higher than the ground water level, calcium oxide promoted strengthening of the breed, allocating the connections, cementing the layers. There were the surface sediment and the deformation of structures in the sites, where crushed-stone mix of carbonaceous structure was waterlogged. The increase in the durability of soils of dumping because of the formation of the monolithic plate in the embankment basis from carbonaceous breeds can be used when carrying out engineering protection in the similar engineering-and-geological conditions