Behavioural Characteristics of Children with Developmental Disorder Risks

The article is devoted to the study of the temperament and behaviour of children with developmental disorder risks. Early age is most significant in terms of early identifying deviant development markers for implementing effective programmes for early intervention. The article deals with the peculiarities of using the Infant Behaviour Questionnaire - Revised (IBQ-R) and its application in scientific research; the results of domestic and foreign research into temperament as a marker/predictor of deviant behaviour are presented. The paper describes the results of a pilot study of differences in behaviour in a sample of 49 children aged 5.6 months. The research involved two groups of test children, a reference group (typically developing children) and the children of developmental risk groups (which included prematurity, family risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD)/attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), paediatric arterial ischemic stroke). The significant impact of developmental disorder risks on the Perceptual Sensitivity Scale (IBQ-R) as well as the effect of sexand risks on the Approach, Vocal Reactivity (IBQ-R) scale were discovered. There are suggestions that prematurity may have a negative impact on the development of temperament in children aged 6 months. However, in comparison with such factors as the genetic predisposition to atypical development or local brain damage due to paediatric arterial ischemic stroke, prematurity (excluding extremely premature) probably has less influence on the development of temperament and behavioural characteristics. There is a significant heterotypic continuity of individual differences in temperament indicators at an early age, which highlights the need for further research into the issue and the formation of large cohorts of children. Keywords: deviant development markers, behaviour, IBQ-R questionnaire

Developmental psychology: Parent responsiveness and its role in neurocognitive and socioemotional development of one-year-old preterm infants

Background. It has been demonstrated that preterm birth negatively affects the neurocognitive and socioemotional development of a child. It is therefore important to identify the factors that can decrease potential risks for atypical development in preterm infants. The social environment which surrounds a child is considered to be one such factor. We hypothesize that parent responsiveness positively influences the development of a preterm child. Objective. The purpose of this research is to reveal differences in the development of two one-year-old preterm children whose parents have exhibited opposite types of parent responsiveness. Design. Based on the analysis of video recordings of child-parent interactions, we identified two children whose parents registered opposite patterns of responsiveness. Parent responsiveness was measured based on Parent Responsiveness Markers Protocol methodology. The Bayley-III was used to assess the children's cognitive and socioemotional development. Results. We identified that the preterm child whose parent showed a high level of parental responsiveness had normative levels of neurocognitive development, socioemotional skills and adaptive behavior. The preterm child, whose parent showed a low level of parental responsiveness, scored lower on the Bayley-III. Conclusion. Preterm birth not only affects infant development, but also has a psychological impact on parents, evoking fear and anxiety for their child. This affects parental behavior and their responsiveness towards their child. This study showed that parent responsiveness has a positive effect on the neurocognitive and socioemotional development of a preterm child. Further research should focus on assessing the role of parent responsiveness in child development using a larger sample. © Lomonosov Moscow State University, 2019. Russian Psychological Society, 2019.19-513-92001\19The research was supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation RFBR № 19-513-92001\19

Via Hexagons to Squares in Ferrofluids: Experiments on Hysteretic Surface Transformations under Variation of the Normal Magnetic Field

We report on different surface patterns on magnetic liquids following the Rosensweig instability. We compare the bifurcation from the flat surface to a hexagonal array of spikes with the transition to squares at higher fields. From a radioscopic mapping of the surface topography we extract amplitudes and wavelengths. For the hexagon--square transition, which is complex because of coexisting domains, we tailor a set of order parameters like peak--to--peak distance, circularity, angular correlation function and pattern specific amplitudes from Fourier space. These measures enable us to quantify the smooth hysteretic transition. Voronoi diagrams indicate a pinning of the domains. Thus the smoothness of the transition is roughness on a small scale.Comment: 17 pages, 14 figure

Conformation of gem-diphenyl group in six-membered cyclic ethers of acids of sulfur, selenium, and arsenic

1. The sulfate, selenite, chloroarsenite, and bromoarsenite of 2,2-diphenyl-1,3-propanediol have been synthesized. 2. In the molecules of cyclic esters based on 2,2-diphenyl-l,3-propanediol, in the dissolved state, equivalent rotation of the phenyl groups relative to the ring symmetry plane is realized. © 1980 Plenum Publishing Corporation

Определение параметров переносимых капель электродного металла методом имитационного моделирования и визуализации

The nature of the molten electrode metal melting and transfer is the main process parameter of manual metal arc welding (MMA) with coated electrodes. It significantly affects the efficiency of the welding process. For this reason the relevant task is to identify the parameters of the transferred molten electrode metal drops and their further transfer into the weld pool with maximum accuracy. The aim of the given paper is to develop a method and visual representation of the form and the geometrics (volume, area, mass) of a molten electrode metal drop.We have developed the method of simulation modeling and visualization for molten electrode metal drops transfer and their parameters. It allows obtaining highly reliable input data to be used for developing and verification of mathematical models for the thermal fields distribution along the welded item surface. The algorithm is realized as the calculation programs for specifying the molten metal drop parameters and means of its geometrics and space form visualization.We used this method to specify a number of molten electrode metal drop parameters: volume, mass, center-of-gravity position, surface area.We have established that it is possible to conduct the measurements with maximumThe suggested method significantly decreases the labor intensity of experimental studies aimed at specifying the size of electrode metal drops in comparison to the standard methods. When we know the size of the drops under certain welding conditions we can control the drop transfer process, i. e. reduce the heat input into the welded item and produce weld joints with the tailored performance characteristics.Основным технологическим параметром процесса ручной дуговой сварки, покрытым электродами, существенно влияющим на эффективность его протекания, является характер плавления и переноса расплавленного электродного металла. Поэтому актуальным является вопрос максимально точного определения параметров переносимых капель расплавленного электродного металла и их последующего перехода в сварочную ванну. Целью данной работы являлась разработка методики и визуального представления формы и геометрических параметров (объём, площадь, масса) капли расплавленного электродного металла.Разработан метод имитационного моделирования и визуализации переноса капель расплавленного электродного металла и их параметров, что позволит получить входные данные с высокой степенью достоверности для разработки математических моделей распределения температурных полей по поверхности свариваемого изделия и её верификации. Алгоритм реализован в виде расчётных программ для определения параметров капли расплавленного металла и средств визуального представления её геометрии и пространственной формы. С помощью данного метода определён ряд параметров капель расплавленного электродного металла: объём, масса, положение центра масс, площадь поверхности.Установлено, что возможно с максимальной достоверностью производить измерения, увеличить число измеряемых параметров, а также наглядно представить происходящие процессы.Предложенный метод значительно упрощает трудоёмкость проведения экспериментальных исследований по определению размера капель электродного металла в сравнении со стандартными методами. Зная размер капель при определённых режимах сварки, можно управлять процессом каплепереноса, т. е. уменьшать тепловложение в свариваемое изделие и получать сварные соединения с заданными эксплуатационными свойствами

Разработка конструкции исполнительного оборудования, реализующего процесс генерации капель микро- и нанодиапазона

Modeling of velocities and temperatures processes distribution in the plasma-forming channel determining the design features and optimal parameters of the plasma torch nozzle is one of promising directions in development of plasma technologies. The aim of this work was to simulate the processes of velocities and temperature distribution in the plasma-forming channel and to determine the design features and optimal geometric parameters of the plasmatron nozzle  which  ensures  the  formation  of  necessary  direction  of  plasma  flows for generation of surface waves on the surface of a liquid metal droplet under the influence of the investigated instabilities.One of the main tasks is to consider the process of plasma jet formation and the flow of electric arc plasma. For obtaining small-sized particles one of the main parameters is the plasma flow  velocity.  It  is necessary that the plasma outflow velocity be close to supersonic. An increase of  the  supersonic  speed  is possible due to design of the plasmatron nozzle especially the design feature and dimensions of the gas channel in which the plasma is formed. Also the modeling took into account dimensions of the plasma torch nozzle, i. e. the device should provide a supersonic plasma flow with the smallest possible geometric dimensions.As a result models of velocities and temperatures distribution in the plasma-forming channel at the minimum and maximum diameters of the channel were obtained. The design features and optimal geometric parameters of the plasmatron have been determined: the inlet diameter is 3 mm, the outlet diameter is 2 mm.The design of the executive equipment has been developed and designed which implements the investigated process of generating droplets of the micro- and nanoscale range. A plasmatron nozzle was manufactured which forms the necessary directions of plasma flows for the formation of surface waves on the metal droplet surface under the influence of instabilities. An algorithm has been developed for controlling of executive equipment that implements the process of generating drops of micro- and nanoscale range.Моделирование процессов распределения скоростей и температур в плазмообразующем канале, определение конструктивных особенностей и оптимальных параметров сопла плазмотрона является одним из перспективных направлений в развитии плазменных технологий. Целью данной работы являлось моделирование процессов распределения скоростей и температур в плазмообразующем канале и определение конструктивных особенностей и оптимальных геометрических параметров сопла плазмотрона, которое должно обеспечивать формирование необходимых направлений плазменных потоков для образования на поверхности капли жидкого металла поверхностных волн под действием исследуемых неустойчивостей.Одной из главных задач является рассмотрение процесса формирования плазменной струи и течения электродуговой плазмы. Для получения мелкоразмерных частиц одним из главных параметров является скорость течения плазмы. Необходимо, чтобы скорость истечения плазмы была близка к сверхзвуковой. Увеличение скорости до сверхзвуковой возможно добиться за счёт конструкции сопла плазмотрона, а именно конструктивной особенностью и размерами газового канала, в котором образуется плазма. Также при моделировании учитывались размеры сопла плазмотрона, т. е. устройство должно обеспечивать сверхзвуковое течение плазмы при возможно меньших геометрических размерах.В результате исследований получены модели процессов распределения скоростей и температур в плазмообразующем канале при минимальных и максимальных диаметрах канала. Определены конструктивные особенности и оптимальные геометрические параметры сопла плазмотрона: диаметр на входе 3 мм, диаметр выходной 2 мм.Разработана и спроектирована конструкция исполнительного оборудования, реализующая исследуемый процесс генерации капель микро- и наноразмерного диапазона. Изготовлено сопло плазмотрона, формирующее необходимые направления плазменных потоков для образования на поверхности капли жидкого металла поверхностных волн под действием исследуемых неустойчивостей. Разработан алгоритм управления исполнительным оборудованием, реализующем процесс генерации капель микро- и наноразмерного диапазона

Time-Fractional Optimal Control of Initial Value Problems on Time Scales

We investigate Optimal Control Problems (OCP) for fractional systems involving fractional-time derivatives on time scales. The fractional-time derivatives and integrals are considered, on time scales, in the Riemann--Liouville sense. By using the Banach fixed point theorem, sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of solution to initial value problems described by fractional order differential equations on time scales are known. Here we consider a fractional OCP with a performance index given as a delta-integral function of both state and control variables, with time evolving on an arbitrarily given time scale. Interpreting the Euler--Lagrange first order optimality condition with an adjoint problem, defined by means of right Riemann--Liouville fractional delta derivatives, we obtain an optimality system for the considered fractional OCP. For that, we first prove new fractional integration by parts formulas on time scales.Comment: This is a preprint of a paper accepted for publication as a book chapter with Springer International Publishing AG. Submitted 23/Jan/2019; revised 27-March-2019; accepted 12-April-2019. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1508.0075