EMERGING BIOSIMILARS IN ONCOLOGY: A REVIEW

Biosimilars are the biological medicinal products that produce the therapeutic effects in the human body similar to that of inner biological molecule. Biopharmaceuticals consist of nucleic acids, amino acids, polysaccharides, or combination of all compounds. In India, the steps have been taken to manufacture biosimilars with the lowest cost and least side effects. Globally, India is one of the major developing countries in manufacturing and marketing of biosimilars. The application of biosimilar was rapidly growing in treating various disorders such as cancer, inflammatory disease, and cardiovascular diseases. For the approval of biosimilars, in vitro studies become the necessity for representing comparison to a standard biological in terms of quality for experimental studies indicating similar pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity. Huminsulin was the first DNA-recombinant protein accepted by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1982. As currently there are no FDA-approved biosimilars for treating breast cancer, many biologic antibodies are under investigation

A Survey on Identification of Motifs and Ontology in Medical Database

Motifs and ontology are used in medical database for identifyingand diagnose of the disease. A motif is a pattern network used for analysis of the disease. It also identifies the pattern of the signal. Based on the motifs the disease can be predicted, classified and diagnosed. Ontology is knowledge based representation, and it is used as a user interface to diagnose the disease. Ontology is also used by medical expert to diagnose and analyse the disease easily. Gene ontology is used to express the gene of the disease

Study of mode of delivery and fetal outcome in pregnancies with oligohydramnios

Background: The significance of amniotic fluid volume as a marker of fetal status is an ongoing turn of events. Oligohydramnios causes adverse fetal outcomes like meconium-stained liquor, meconium aspiration syndrome, fetal heart rate abnormalities, poor APGAR scores, fetal growth restriction and fetal prematurity. It is associated with maternal hypertension, infections, and placental insufficiency. It causes maternal complication because of increased incidence of induction of labour and operative intervention.Methods: Hundred cases of oligohydramnios were included in our study conducted at the Navodaya medical research, hospital and research centre, during a period of two years after obtaining the informed consent of patients and institutional ethical clearance. All gravidas were included with a gestational age greater than 28 weeks with singleton pregnancies with oligohydramnios. Associated fetal and maternal risk factors were observed. The amniotic fluid index (AFI) was measured by ultrasound. The nonstress test, the fetal biophysical profile and the Doppler study were carried out to evaluate the fetal condition. Then we have observed for delivery and fetal outcome.Results: Incidence of oligohydramnios was 2.85% in our study. The 53% of cases had LSCS while 47% had normal delivery. Fetal distress was the commonest indication for LSCS. Poor neonatal APGAR score was 16.9% in LSCS while 36% in vaginal delivery.Conclusions: From the above study, the caesarean delivery seems to be a safer mode of delivery than vaginal delivery because it is associated with a good perinatal outcome

Physical Activity, Anthropometric Measurements, Quality of Life and Menopausal Symptoms Among South-Indian Women

INTRODUCTION: Menopause is the period when the reproductive capacity ceases in women\u27s life. A wide range of symptoms occur as a consequence of estrogen decrease during menopause. Evidence suggests that physically active women have a better quality of life (QoL) and fewer menopausal symptoms. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between physical activity (PA), anthropometric measurements, QoL and menopausal symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted online through WhatsApp and Facebook and via email among menopausal women (April 2021 - June 2021). In total 168 responses were received; 153 responses were included in the study based on the inclusion criteria. Participants were asked to complete the details of anthropometric measurements, the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL). RESULTS: The majority of menopausal women complained of one or more symptoms in the MRS. A statistically significant difference was noted between the body mass index (BMI) and the menopausal symptoms such as irritability and depressive mood. There was an association between PA and MENQOL physical and sexual domains ( CONCLUSIONS: There was an association between PA, menopausal symptoms, BMI and MENQOL physical and sexual domains. Hence, moderate PA promotion is recommended among middle aged women to have a healthy menopausal transition

A Survey on Contribution of Data Mining Techniques and Graph Reading Algorithms in Concept Map Generation

Concept maps are a pictorial representation of concepts found in data and it shows relationship between concepts. These Concept map help us to understand the whole data content, makes it easily readable and memorable. They are used to deliver complex data in an understandable form (map, tree, graph, etc), which is used for a better understanding and decision making for researchers and business, etc. This paper discusses the recent researches about concept maps and data mining techniques, and graph reading algorithms used for concept map generation

Comparison of Foley’s catheter with PGE2 gel and Foley’s catheter with PGE2 gel with extra amniotic saline infusion for labour induction

Background: Induction of labour is initiation of uterine contractions before the onset in order to vaginally deliver the foetoplacental unit. Common reasons for induction of labour are post-term and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of Foley catheter with intra cervical PGE2 gel and Foley catheter with PGE2 gel with extra amniotic saline infusion for induction of labour.Methods: The clinical trial was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 at Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubballi. 80 pregnant women which included both primigravidae and multigravidae were alternatively divided into two groups. Group 1 received Foley’s and PGE2 gel and group 2 received Foley’s, PGE2 gel and extra amniotic saline infusion for induction of labour.Results: Both groups were comparable with respect to maternal age, gestational age and indication for induction. There was no significant difference in the mean pre-induction Bishop score between two groups. In both the groups there was significant improvement in the Bishop score after 6 hours of induction. But progress in group 2 was greater than group 1(P <0.05). The mean time from induction to delivery in group 2 was shorter and was statistically significant(P<0.05). There was no difference in mode of delivery, neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality between 2 groups.Conclusions: The present study showed that Foley’s with PGE2 gel with extra amniotic saline infusion is better for labour induction though both groups appear to be effective agents

A Cross-sectional Study on Prescribing Pattern for Children at Primary Health Care Clinics

Background: Rational prescribing for children is very essential as there is increased risk from the use of medicines in them due to multiple reasons ranging from altered pharmacokinetics to long-term side effects. Drug-related needs of children must be assessed on individual basis to meet appropriate health care outcomes. Aim: This cross-sectional descriptive study aims at assessing drug use pattern and rationality in prescribing pattern as per World Health Organization (WHO) core prescribing indicators. Material and methods: A cross-sectional and prospective study was carried out in private primary health care clinics of Hyderabad, Telangana State. A total number of 300 prescriptions for children were reviewed. Patients’ demographic characteristics, diagnosis and drugs prescribed were recorded in a prestructured and validated data collection form. Results: Average number of drugs per prescription were 1.92. Fever and upper respiratory tract infections were found to be common complaints in this age group. Paracetamol was the most commonly prescribed medication and among prescribed antibiotics, fluoroquinolones occupied the major part. About 67.3% of drugs were from the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children. The percentage of drugs prescribed with generic names was very less. Conclusion: In this study, it was found that the prescription pattern in the selected primary health care centers in Hyderabad was in compliance with the WHO prescribing indicators, except the generic prescribing practice

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GLIPIZIDE MICROEMULSION

Objective: The aim of the present study was to formulate a microemulsion for the oral delivery of Glipizide.Methods: Microemulsion systems composed of oleic acid, isopropyl myristate as oils; tween 80, span 20 and cremophor EL as surfactants; propylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol as cosurfactants were investigated as potential drug delivery vehicle for delivery for glipizide. Pseudo-ternary phase diagram of the investigated system at constant surfactant concentration and varying oil/water or oil/cosurfactant ratios was constructed at room temperature by titration method. This allowed studying structural inversion from oil-in-water to water-in–oil microemulsion. Furthermore, electrical conductivity, in vitro dissolution studies, pH, centrifugation, % transmittance, viscosity, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, DSC and accelerated stability studies were conducted.Results: The results of electrical conductivity clearly indicated the structural inversion. Based on these values oil/water microemulsions were selected. The plain drug has shown only 40% of dissolution, while the drug from all the o/w microemulsions has shown&gt;90% dissolution. Based on in vitro release studies f3, f12, f22 formulations were chosen. Particle size values of f3, f12, f22 formulations are 202.4 nm, 83.3 nm, 315.3 nm respectively. Viscosity results showed that the formulations follow the Newtonian flow.Conclusion: The 3 formulations f3, f12 and f22 were successful in increasing the dissolution of glipizide in GIT and capable of sustaining the release of the drug for 8 h. From the viscosity, particle size, polydispersity index values, f12 was considered as the optimized formulation. Further, centrifugation, zeta potential and accelerated stability studies also indicated that the formulations were stable. DSC studies revealed no drug-excipient interaction in the optimized formulation. Owing to the above results microemulsion can be thus considered as a suitable oral delivery system for glipizide.Â

A REVIEW ON POTENTIAL USES OF CULINARY VEGETABLES USED IN ROUTINE LIFE AS AN ANTICANCER AGENT

Cancer is a disease which leads to death, and chemotherapy is a treatment used to treat cancer. Lung cancer and breast cancer are most effective one in the world. The present study examines the anticancer property of culinary vegetables such as Allium vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, and beetroot which are used in day-to-day life have anticancer properties. Allicin and gallic acid in garlic decreases the risk of colon, pancreas, stomach, esophagus, and breast cancers. In onion, cysteine sulfoxide is sulfur compounds which have ant-cancer, antiplatelet, and antithrombotic property. In broccoli, glucosinolates and sulfur compounds play a major role in the treatment of breast and prostate cancer. Betacyanin is a compound present in beetroot which has antioxidant property and anticancer activity

Fingerprint Verification based on Gabor Filter Enhancement

Human fingerprints are reliable characteristics for personnel identification as it is unique and persistence. A fingerprint pattern consists of ridges, valleys and minutiae. In this paper we propose Fingerprint Verification based on Gabor Filter Enhancement (FVGFE) algorithm for minutiae feature extraction and post processing based on 9 pixel neighborhood. A global feature extraction and fingerprints enhancement are based on Hong enhancement method which is simultaneously able to extract local ridge orientation and ridge frequency. It is observed that the Sensitivity and Specificity values are better compared to the existing algorithms.Comment: 7 pages IEEE format, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, IJCSIS November 2009, ISSN 1947 5500, http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis