Growth factors/cytokines/defensins and apoptosis in periodontal pathologies

In the recent past there has been an increased emphasis on morphogenetic tissue research of periodontal tissues. The aim of this study was to find qualitative and quantitative correlations in distribution and appearance of growth factors/cytokines/defensins and apoptosis in periodontal pathologies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Tissue was obtained from 5 controls and 6 chronical periodontitis patients 30-50 years of age referred to Latvian Institute of Stomatology. Histological investigations were performed at the Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology of Riga Stradins University. RESULTS: Epithelial cells abundantly expressed IL10 in patients. The expression of b-defensins was very variable in both sulcular and gingival epithelium. TUNEL positive cells were observed in patients and control specimens with dominance in control group. Gingival epithelium showed moderate expression of bFGF whereas few to moderate cells were positive for bFGF in sulcular epithelium. Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF-1R) was abundant in gingival epithelium and in connective tissue cells, but almost not detectable in sulcular epithelium. Insulin-like growth factor receptor was not expressed in gingival epithelium and was weakly seen in basal layer of sulcular epithelium. Basic nerve growth factor expresion in both types of epithelium was numerous to abundant. Staining for the NGFR in the gingival epithelium was variable, with prevalence to be moderate whereas sulcular epithelium was free from any factor immunoreactivity. CONCLUSION: 1. Finding of apoptotic cells are variable and seems to correlate with the expression of defensins in oral epithelium in patients with periodontitis. 2. FGFR was expressed more than the bFGF, but in case with NGFR and bNGF situation was opposite. Although IGFRI was found in sulcular epithelium with no expression in gingival one suggesting about stimulation in regeneration/adaptation in periodontitis affected tissue. 3. The expression of growth factors and their receptors in sulcular epithelium was lower than into the gingival epithelium and seems to be specific for periodontitis.publishersversionPeer reviewe

The relationship between the severity of malposition of the frontal teeth and periodontal health in age 15-21 and 35-44

INTRODUCTION: In the recent past there has been an increase in the number of adults seeking orthodontic treatment therefore special attention to periodontal status of these patients needs more careful evaluation. Periodontal considerations in adult orthodontic treatment are increasingly important as patients become older. The aim of the study was to assess the interrelationship between the severity of malposition of frontal teeth with periodontal health considering to age in Latvian population. METHODS: The data were analyzed from a detailed crossectional study in Latvian population. Selected samples consisted of two age groups: 15-21 (n=323) and 35-44 (n=286) years old. For the assessment of periodontal health CPI scores was analyzed for upper frontal sextant. For assessment of malocclusion 2 components of ICON index were used: upper arch crowding and incisor overbite. The differences in the distribution of ICON index and CPI index between age groups were tested using Pearson chi(2)test. Statistical significance of the differences in the mean values was tested using t-test. Possible interaction between above mentioned indexes was tested by means of analysis of variance. RESULTS: Upper arch crowding and incisor overbite severity increase with age was statistical significant. There was statistically significant interrelation between upper arch crowding degree and incisor overbite and CPI scores severity in the age 15-21 and was not in the age 35-44. However comparing higher degree of the crowding and overbite severity to percent of subjects with bleeding, calculus and periodontal pockets greater percents of measurements were in older group. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Severity of upper arch crowding and overbite statistically significant increased with age with remarkable increasing of periodontal problems. 2. Interrelation between severity of upper arch crowding, incisor overbite and CPI scores was statistically significant in age group 15-21.publishersversionPeer reviewe