Respostas nos componentes da aptidão fisica e saude de individuos do sexo masculino com 18-22 anos de idade submetidos a programas de treinamento com sobrecarga

Orientador: Idico Luiz PellegrinottiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação FisicaResumo: o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar como se apresenta a composição corporal, consumo máximo de oxigênio (V02 máx.) e força muscular com a aplicação de dois programas de exercícios com peso em indivíduos do sexo masculino, com 18-22 anos de idade, durante dez semanas, alunos do Curso de Especialização de Soldados da Base Aérea de São Paulo. A amostra consistiu-se de 27 alunos selecionados aleatoriamente e divididos em três grupos. O grupo 1 (grupo controle) n= 7, não realizou exercício; o grupo 2 (resistência muscular) n 10, realizou quatro sessões por semana de exercícios com pesos com cargas de 40-60% de lRM (repetição máxima) e o grupo 3 (hipertrofia muscular) n=10, realizou quatro sessões por semana de exercícios com peso com cargas de 70-80% de lRM. O estudo da composição corporal foi realizado a partir das medidas de: peso corporal, % de gordura, índice de massa corporal (IMC), dobras cutâneas biciptal, triciptal, subescapular, suprailíaca, abdominal, axilar média, coxa e panturrilha medial; circunferências de braço, perna e panturrilha. No estudo do VÜ2 máx foi utilizado o teste de 2400 m em pista. Para avaliar a força muscular foi utilizado o teste de carga máxima. A análise estatística foi feita através análise de variância e testes de hipótese estatística. Quanto aos resultados, verificou-se que, na composição corporal os grupos 2 e 3 apresentaram resultados similares nas medidas antropométricas, diferenciando-se do grupol. Em relação ao VÜ2 máx o grupo 1 permaneceu inalterado; os grupos 2 e 3 obtiveram pequena elevação, sendo o grupo 3 destacado com maior índice. Na força muscular os grupos 2 e 3 obtiveram valores similares entre sÍ, com valores superiores ao grupo controle. Em relação ao consumo alimentar diário, verificou-se que não houve diferença nas médias dos grupos avaliadosAbstract: The purpose of this study was investigate how body composition, maximal intake of oxygen and musc1e strength appear with the application of two exercise programs using dumb bells in male individuaIs from 18 to 22 years old, during ten weeks; attending to soldier specialization course of Base Aerea de São Paulo. The sample used was formed by 27 student, ramdon1y selected and divided in three groups: control group (Gl) n=7 didn't do any physical activity; resistance group (G2) exercised four session on week to 40-60% 1 RM (maximal repetition) and muscle hypertrophy (G3) exercised four session on week to 70-80% 1 RM. The study of body composition was done by body weight measures, body fat percentage (%), body mass index, measures of skinfolds: biciptal, tricipital, subescapular, suprailiac, abdominal, thigh, calf musc1e and arm muscular circumference, leg muscular circumference, calf muscular circumference. The study V02 max, used running test of 2.400 m. and to evaluate muscle strength used the maximalload test (IRM). The data analysis was done through (ANOV A) and "student t-tesf'. The results showed that groups 2 and 3 body composition presented the saroe outcomes at the anthropometric measures. The saroe results wasn't noticed observed at group 1. The results V02 max group 1 remained as they were (i e as they started). It was observed a small raise at group 2 and 3, with higher index in group 3. At groups 2 and 3 presented similar results the muscular stren~ but those result were higher than results found at the control group. According to intake food diary, verified didn't have difference between groupsMestradoCiencias do EsporteMestre em Educação Físic

PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS DO ENVELHECIMENTO DA UNIVERSIDADE SÃO JUDAS TADEU: TRAJETÓRIA E PANORAMA ATUAL

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Envelhecimento (PGCE), nível mestrado, foi aprovado pela CAPES em 2009 e iniciou suas atividades em 2010. É o único programa de pós-graduação de uma universidade privada com foco em Gerontologia na cidade de São Paulo. Atualmente, o PGCE está organizado em uma área de concentração denominada Ciências do Envelhecimento e em três linhas de pesquisa: (1) Aspectos educacionais, psicológicos e socioculturais do envelhecimento; (2) Doenças associadas ao envelhecimento; e (3) Saúde e funcionalidade no envelhecimento. Esta revisão narrativa apresenta a descrição dos atuais projetos de pesquisa do PGCE, conforme apresentado no relatório para avaliação de 2017 a 2020, recentemente submetido à CAPES. No período acima referido, a produção científica do PGCE correspondeu a 331 produções: 54 artigos em periódicos, 15 capítulos de livros, 36 trabalhos em anais de congressos, 91 apresentações de trabalhos em congressos e 135 produções técnicas. Ao longo de sua trajetória, algumas mudanças destacaram as características interdisciplinares do PGCE, o que pode ser evidenciado pelo aumento: na qualidade dos artigos publicados, no número de alunos matriculados, de dissertações apresentadas e de projetos de pesquisa e extensão desenvolvidos no período de 2017 a 2020, em comparação com o período de 2013 a 2016. O PGCE é um programa dinâmico que se adapta às necessidades emergentes da sociedade, integra pesquisa e extensão e, ao mesmo tempo, apresenta uma produção robusta para a comunidade científica

Strength training and vascular occlusion: neuromuscular and molecular adaptations

Estudos têm mostrado que o treinamento de força de baixa intensidade com oclusão vascular (TFOV) tem apresentado resultados similares nos ganhos de força e hipertrofia comparado ao treinamento de força (TF) de alta intensidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos de três diferentes programas de TF nos ganhos de força e hipertrofia musculares e na expressão da miostatina (MSTN) e seus antagonistas. Para isso, vinte e nove jovens do sexo masculino, sem experiência em TF, foram recrutados e divididos randomicamente nos grupos: treinamento de força de baixa intensidade sem oclusão (BI), treinamento de força de baixa intensidade com oclusão (BIO) e treinamento de força de alta intensidade sem oclusão (AI). Os grupos BIO e BI treinaram com intensidade de 20% 1RM, enquanto o grupo AI treinou com intensidade de 80% 1RM. A ANOVA one way foi utilizada para testar as diferenças percentuais nos ganhos de força (1RM) e na área de secção transversa (AST) do músculo quadríceps femoral. O modelo misto para análise das medidas repetidas foi utilizado para testar as diferenças nas variáveis miostatina (MSTN), folistatina-3 (FLST-3), SMAD-7 e GASP-1 nos grupos BI, BIO e AI nas condições pré e pós-treinamento. Os resultados mostraram que os aumentos de força e hipertrofia musculares nos grupos BIO e AI foram similares, entretanto superiores ao grupo BI. Esses resultados podem ser atribuídos a maior diminuição na expressão da MSTN nos grupos BIO (45%) e AI (41%) comparados com o grupo BI (16%) e o aumento na expressão dos genes que antagonizam sua atividade (SMAD-7, FLST-3 e GASP-1). Podemos concluir que a inibição na atividade da MSTN dos grupos BIO e AI podem responder em parte a similaridade nos ganhos de força e hipertrofia entre os grupos e a diferença para o grupo BIIt has been demonstrated that low intensity training associated to vascular occlusion (LIO) promotes similar gains in strength and muscle mass when compared to high intensity strength training (HI). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of three different training programs on skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy related gene expression. Twenty nine young male, with no previous experience in strength training were randomly allocated in three groups: low intensity strength training (i.e. 20% - 1-RM) (LI); low intensity strength training associated to vascular occlusion (i.e. 20% - 1-RM) (LIO); high intensity strength training (HI) (i.e. 80% - 1-RM). One-way ANOVA was used to assess differences in % delta change values of 1-RM and cross sectional area (CSA) of the quadriceps femoris. Mixed model analysis was used to compare myostatin (MSTN), folistatyn-3 (FLST-3), SMAD-7 e GASP-1 changes between groups pre and post training. Results demonstrated similar increases in strength and muscle hypertrophy for LIO and HI groups. Moreover, such increases were significantly greater when compared to LI. These results may be, at least in part, explained by a significant decrease in MSTN mRNA expression in LIO (45%) and HI (41%) when compared to LI (16%); additionally, SMAD-7; FLST-3 and GASP-1 mRNA expression were significantly increased. In conclusion, LIO training promotes similar gains than HI training. The results may be explained by changes in MSTN and related genes mRNA expressio

Effects of endurance training combined with blood flow restriction on functionality in older adults: a systematic review

The aim of this review was to verify the effects of aerobic exercise combined with blood flow restriction on older adult functionality. Systematic searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase between July and December 2023. Randomized studies with participants aged &ge; 60 years who were evaluated before and after the experimental protocols were included. We registered this systematic review at the International Prospective Register (PROSPERO CRD42022347205). The search strategy identified 2698 studies, four of which were included in the review, with 80 participants. The results suggested that aerobic exercise combined with blood flow restriction increased performance on specific functional tests. However, these results should be interpreted with caution due to the low-to-moderate study quality, as well as the low number of participants and studies. In conclusion, aerobic exercise and blood flow restriction may increase functional capacity in older adults. Further studies are needed to confirm such findings..</p

Efeito da familiarização na estabilização dos valores de 1RM para homens e mulheres Effect of familiarization on the stabilization of 1RM values for men and women

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o número de sessões de familiarização necessárias para estabilização da carga do teste de uma repetição máxima (1RM) no exercício agachamento em homens e mulheres. Oito homens (25 ± 4 anos) e oito mulheres (20 ± 1anos) foram submetidos a cinco sessões experimentais. ANOVA e plotagem de Bland-Altman foram utilizadas para comparar a carga de 1RM entre as sessões (pThe purpose of this study was to determine the number of familiarization sessions for stabilizing the load of one repetition maximum (1RM) tests on the squat exercise in men and women. Eight men (25 ± 4 years) and eight women (20 ± 1 years) underwent five experimental sessions. ANOVA and Bland-Altman plotting were used to compare the 1RM load between the sessions (p<0.05). The stabilization of load occurred at the fourth session for men and at the third session for women, with significantly increased in relative and absolute strength from the first to the fourth (17kg and 19%) and from the first to the third (9kg and 14%) session, respectively. However, relative strength did not differ significantly between genders. According to our results, individuals not experienced with strength training can reach high reliability in the 1RM test in the squat exercise, after performing three or four familiarizations sessions

Effects of Ischemic Preconditioning on Sport-Specific Performance in Highly Trained Taekwondo Athletes

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC), which involves episodes of blood flow restriction followed by reperfusion, has uncertain effects on athletes. Additionally, employing sports-specific tests that are highly familiar to athletes can enhance methodological rigor in determining IPC’s effects on taekwondo performance. This study aimed to investigate IPC’s influence on taekwondo athletes’ performance through two studies. To induce occlusion in both studies, the cuff was inflated to an individualized occlusion pressure established for each athlete’s lower limb, with four cycles of occlusion lasting five minutes each, alternated with five-minute reperfusion intervals. Both traditional frequentist statistics and Bayesian analysis were employed. In the first study, eleven high-level athletes were subjected to either IPC or a placebo (SHAM) procedure on both legs, followed by performing countermovement jumps (CMJs) and a specific taekwondo endurance test. However, no significant differences were observed in taekwondo endurance performance or CMJ between the IPC and SHAM conditions. The second study involved fourteen elite athletes who underwent the same IPC or SHAM conditions, performing CMJ and three bouts of the Multiple Frequency Speed of Kick test (FSKTmult) in three blocks, each separated by approximately thirty minutes. Again, the results indicated no significant differences in FSKTmult measures or CMJ performance between the two conditions. In conclusion, IPC did not significantly affect neuromuscular (in both studies), endurance (in the first study), or anaerobic (in the second study) performance in these taekwondo athletes

Strength Training with Blood Flow Restriction Diminishes Myostatin Gene Expression

LAURENTINO, G. C., C. UGRINOWITSCH, H. ROSCHEL, M. S. AOKI, A. G. SOARES, M. NEVES JR, A. Y. AIHARA, A. DA ROCHA CORREA FERNANDES, and V. TRICOLI. Strength Training with Blood Flow Restriction Diminishes Myostatin Gene Expression. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 406-412, 2012. Purpose: the aim of the study was to determine whether the similar muscle strength and hypertrophy responses observed after either low-intensity resistance exercise associated with moderate blood flow restriction or high-intensity resistance exercise are associated with similar changes in messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of selected genes involved in myostatin (MSTN) signaling. Methods: Twenty-nine physically active male subjects were divided into three groups: low-intensity (20% one-repetition maximum (1RM)) resistance training (LI) (n = 10), low-intensity resistance exercise associated with moderate blood flow restriction (LIR) (n = 10), and high-intensity (80% 1RM) resistance exercise (HI) (n = 9). All of the groups underwent an 8-wk training program. Maximal dynamic knee extension strength (1RM), quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA), MSTN, follistatin-like related genes (follistatin (FLST), follistatin-like 3 (FLST-3)), activin IIb, growth and differentiation factor-associated serum protein 1 (GASP-1), and MAD-related protein (SMAD-7) mRNA gene expression were assessed before and after training. Results: Knee extension 1RM significantly increased in all groups (LI = 20.7%, LIR = 40.1%, and HI = 36.2%). CSA increased in both the LIR and HI groups (6.3% and 6.1%, respectively). MSTN mRNA expression decreased in the LIR and HI groups (45% and 41%, respectively). There were no significant changes in activin IIb (P > 0.05). FLST and FLST-3 mRNA expression increased in all groups from pre- to posttest (P < 0.001). FLST-3 expression was significantly greater in the HI when compared with the LIR and LI groups at posttest (P = 0.024 and P = 0.018, respectively). GASP-1 and SMAD-7 gene expression significantly increased in both the LIR and HI groups. Conclusions: We concluded that LIR was able to induce gains in 1RM and quadriceps CSA similar to those observed after traditional HI. These responses may be related to the concomitant decrease in MSTN and increase in FLST isoforms, GASP-1, and SMAD-7 mRNA gene expression.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Univ São Paulo, Sch Phys Educ & Sport, Dept Sport, BR-05508030 São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Sch Med, Div Rheumatol, BR-05508030 São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Sch Arts Sci & Humanities, BR-05508030 São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, BR-05508030 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Radiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Radiol, São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 2009/09820-5FAPESP: 2010/51428-2CNPq: 470207/2008-6CNPq: 303162/2008-2Web of Scienc

Impact of social distancing from the COVID-19 pandemic on the immuno-inflammatory response of older adults

Abstract Background Older adults, as the population considered at increased risk for severe COVID-19, were the most impacted by social isolation. Thus, this study aimed to assess the salivary immune/inflammatory response of older adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cohort of 11 older adults (mean age 66.8 ± 6.1) was followed at three different time points: before (S1) and after 6 (S2) and 20 months (S3) of the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Unstimulated saliva samples were obtained to assess the levels of antibodies (secretory IgA, IgG and IgM) by ELISA and cytokines (IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10, TSLP, IFN-γ, TNF-α) by multiplex analysis. Significant differences were evaluated using the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn's post-test. Results None volunteer presented periodontal disease or caries. All volunteers received at least two doses of the COVID-19 vaccines after S2 and before S3. A tendency to increase salivary levels of SIgA and IgM at S2 and of IgG at S3 were observed compared to the values found at S1 and S2. Significantly decreased levels of IL-2 and IL-5 were found at S2 and S3 (p < 0.001) time points. Lower levels of IFN-γ were found at S2 as compared to the values observed at S1 (p < 0.01). A significant decrease in the IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio was found at S2 (p < 0.01). When assessing the Th1/Th2 ratios, a significant decrease was found in the IFN-γ/TSLP ratio at S2 (p < 0.001) and S3 (p < 0.001) when compared to the values at S1. In addition, a significant increase was observed in the TNF-α/IL-5 ratio at S2 (p < 0.001) and S3 (p < 0.001) in comparison to the values at S1. In a similar way, an increase in the TNF-α/IL-6 ratio (Fig. 5E) was observed at S3 (p < 0.001) when compared to the values at S1. Conclusions Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the impact of COVID-19-induced social isolation on immune/inflammatory responses in the upper airway mucosa, particularly those present in oral cavity, of older adults. It demonstrates that a controlled shift in Th1 and Th2 immune responses, both during infection and post-vaccination, can create favorable conditions to combat viral infections without exacerbating the immune response or worsening the pathology