Historia de los coronavirus: COVID-19 en niños y adolescentes

Introduction: children and adolescents infected by SARS-CoV-2 generally evolve asymptomatically or with mild symptoms, although they may develop severe forms of the disease.Objective: to describe aspects related to the history of coronaviruses, clinical and epidemiological picture of children and adolescents diagnosed with COVID-19.Methods: bibliographic review where 40 scientific articles on the subject were analyzed, using the descriptors SARS-COV2 and COVID-19 obtained from the databases obtained from PubMed, Scielo and Google Scholar, 25 were referenced as bibliography. Articles published during the last five years and others were predominant due to their relevance.Development: the outbreak of COVID-19 disease became a global public health challenge, causing thousands of deaths every day around the world. Despite the epidemiological importance and the harm caused at all ages, the clinical patterns of children with COVID-19 are unclear. The respiratory disease has a broad spectrum ranging from a inconsequential upper respiratory condition to respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with COVID-19 infection, so far data from pediatric patients.Conclusions: Children and adolescents play a very important role in the viral transmission chain. Therefore, it is recommended that health professionals caring for children should be alert to make the diagnosis, since most of these patients are asymptomatic or present mild symptoms that may coincide with other respiratory germs.Introducción: los niños y adolescentes infectados por el SARS-CoV-2, generalmente evolucionan de manera asintomática o con síntomas leves, aunque pueden desarrollar formas graves de la enfermedad.Objetivo: describir aspectos relacionados con la historia de los coronavirus, cuadro clínico y epidemiológico de niños y adolescentes diagnosticados con COVID-19.Métodos: revisión bibliográfica donde se analizaron 40 artículos científicos acerca de la temática, utilizando los descriptores SARS-COV2 y COVID-19 obtenidos de las bases de datos de obtenidos de PubMed, Scielo y Google Académico, fueron referenciados 25 como bibliografía. Predominaron los artículos publicados durante los últimos cinco años y otros por su relevancia.Desarrollo: el brote de enfermedad por COVID-19 se convirtió en un reto para la salud pública a nivel mundial, provocando miles de muertes cada día alrededor del mundo. A pesar de la importancia epidemiológica y del daño causado en todas las edades, los patrones clínicos de niños con COVID-19 no son claros. La enfermedad respiratoria tiene un amplio espectro que va desde una afección respiratoria alta sin mayor trascendencia hasta un síndrome de distrés respiratorio (SDRA) con infección por COVID-19, hasta el momento los datos de los pacientes pediátricos.Conclusiones: Los niños y adolescentes juegan un papel muy importante en la cadena de transmisión viral. Por tanto, se recomienda a los profesionales de salud que atienden niños, estar alertas para realizar el diagnóstico, debido a que la gran mayoría de estos pacientes son asintomáticos o presentan sintomatología leve que pueden coincidir con otros gérmenes respiratorios

Characterization of participants adolescents in the clinical trial with Abdala vaccine

Introduction: The clinical evaluation of anti-COVID-19 vaccines in pediatric population, is a challenge in times of pandemic, to respond to the urgency of representative samples that contribute to the reproducibility of the study in the real population. Objective: To characterize the adolescents participating in the clinical trial with the Abdala anti-COVID-19 vaccine, to evaluate compliance with the vaccination schedule and to estimate whether they are representative of this population group. Methods: Data from a phase II trial with Abdala vaccine were used. A total of 703 subjects were included, 207 (29.4 %) of them were adolescents, between 12 and 18 years of age, with apparently healthy or controlled chronic diseases, nutritional assessment between 10 and 90 percentiles, and willingness to participate in the study. Sociodemographic data, personal pathological history, toxic habits and compliance with the vaccination scheme of 3 doses every 14 days were the variables studied. Results: The average age was 15 years, it was predominant female sex (51.7 %), white skin color (55.6 %) and nutritional assessment above 75 to 90 percentiles (40.6 %). The 9.6 % had toxic habits such as smoking and ingestion of alcoholic beverages. Some personal pathological history was in 51.2 % with a higher prevalence for bronchial asthma, rhinitis and other allergies. The vaccination scheme was fulfilled for 95.8 % of individuals. Conclusions: Sociodemographic characteristics, pathological history and toxic habits described for adolescents on the study are representative for this population group in Cuba. The vaccination schedule had an optimal compliance