Salt tectonics in the Central Southern Pyrenees : Integrated tectonostratigraphic and numerical modelling study

Les evaporites Triàsiques del Keuper han estat reconegudes des de fa temps com el principal nivell de desenganxament de plecs i encavalcaments a les conques d'avantpaís pirinenques. La deformació de les conques entre el Cretaci superior i l'Oligocè mostra evidències de diapirisme, poc estudiat degut a l'empremta més visible que deixen els encavalcaments i plecs de falla. Aquesta tesi presenta un estudi multidisciplinari en el que s'explora el rol de la tectònica salina en el desenvolupament estructural i dels sistemes sedimentaris de la unitat Sudpirinenca central. El treball està centrat en dues zones d'estudi clàssiques dels Pirineus sud, com son 1) el Montsec i les Serres Marginals, i 2) el marge nord de la conca d'Organyà en contacte amb la zona de les Nogueres. Posar en valor el paper de l'halocinesi durant l'orogènia proporciona noves interpretacions amb fortes implicacions per a l'evolució cinemàtica de la compressió i la quantitat d'escurçament orogènic. A les Serres Marginals estructures salines primerenques evolucionaren durant l'etapa precompressiva mesozoica cap a un sistema de diapirs, anticlinals salins i sinclinals. Durant la compressió, els mecanismes de plegament van passar de moviments verticals produïts per la càrrega sedimentaria (bending) a plegament per buckling produït per esforços horitzontals. L'erosió de les crestes de les estructures va dur a l'expulsió de la sal i l'evolució de les estructures salines en encavalcaments. Al marge nord de la conca d'Organyà, durant l'Eocè i Oligocè la migració salina va causar el progressiu cabussament cap al nord de la conca, resultant en l'onlap i la discordança progressiva dels conglomerats de la Pobla i Gurp. Al mateix temps, la migració salina accelerada pel pes de la càrrega sedimentaria va permetre la rotació i enfonsament de les làmines desarrelades de les Nogueres en les evaporites del Keuper. A partir dels estudis de camp i la modelització numèrica, aquesta tesi explora qüestions essencials de la tectònica salina respecte la transició del plegament induït per càrrega sedimentaria al plegament degut als esforços compressius, el rol de la sedimentació i l'erosió sinorogèniques o l'efecte d'estructures diapíriques preexistents en les geometries de deformació dels avantpaïsos.Las evaporitas triásicas del Keuper han sido reconocidas desde hace tiempo como el principal nivel de despegue de pliegues y cabalgamientos en las cuencas de antepaís pirenaicas. La deformación de las cuencas entre el Cretácico Superior y el Oligoceno muestra evidencias de diapirismo, poco estudiadas debido a la huella más visible dejada por los cabalgamientos y pliegues de falla. Esta tesis presenta un estudio multidisciplinar en el que se explora el rola de la tectónica salina en el desarrollo estructural y de los sistemas sedimentarios de la unidad Surpirenaica central. El trabajo está centrado en dos zonas de estudio clásicas de los Pirineos sur como son 1) el Montsec y las Sierras Marginales, y 2) el margen norte de la cuenca de Organyà en contacto con la zona de las Nogueres. Poner en valor el papel de la halocinesis durante la orogenia proporciona nuevas interpretaciones con fuertes implicaciones para la evolución cinemática de la compresión y la cantidad de acortamiento orogénico. En las Sierras Marginales estructuras salinas tempranas evolucionaron durante la etapa precompresiva mesozoica hacia un sistema de diapiros, anticlinales salinos y sinclinales. Durante la compresión, los mecanismos de plegamiento pasaron de movimientos verticales producidos por la carga sedimentaria (bending) a plegamiento por buckling producido por esfuerzos horizontales. La erosión de las crestas de las estructuras dio lugar a la expulsión de la sal y la evolución de las estructuras salinas en cabalgamientos. En el margen norte de la cuenca de Organyà, durante el Eoceno y el Oligoceno la migración salina causó el progresivo buzamiento hacia el norte de la cuenca, resultando en el onlap y la discordancia progresiva de los conglomerados de La Pobla y Gurp. Al mismo tiempo, la migración salina acelerada por el peso de la carga sedimentaria permitió la rotación y hundimiento de las láminas desraizadas de las Nogueres en las evaporitas del Keuper. A partir de los estudios de campo y la modelización numérica, esta tesis explora cuestiones esenciales de la tectónica salina respecto a la transición del plegamiento inducido por carga sedimentaria al plegamiento debido a los esfuerzos compresivos, el rol de la sedimentación i erosión sinorogenicas o el efecto de estructures diapíricas preexistentes en las geometrías de la deformación de los antepaíses.The Triassic Keuper evaporites have long been recognized as the main detachment level of the Pyrenean foreland thrust belts and basins. The Cretaceous to Oligocene deformation of the forelands presents evidences of diapirism, comparatively less studied due to the most visible imprint of thrust and fault-related folds. This thesis presents a multidisciplinary study that explores the role of salt in the tectonic style of two classical areas of the southern Pyrenees, as are 1) the Montsec and Serres Marginals, and 2) the northern margin of the Organyà basin and the adjacent Nogueres Zone. The study which emphasizes the role of halokinesis in the structural and sedimentary evolution of the central-southern Pyrenees. Addressing the role of salt diapirism during the orogeny provides new interpretations with strong implications for the kinematics of compressional deformation and the amount of orogenic shortening. In the Serres Marginals, early salt structures developed during the Mesozoic pre-compressional stage into a system of diapirs, anticlines and intervening synclines that were filled. During the Pyrenean compressive stage, the folding mechanisms evolved from predominantly vertical (bending) movements triggered by the sedimentary loading to buckling by horizontal forces. The unroofing of the crests of the structure enhanced salt withdrawal, leading to primary and secondary welding and subsequent syncline imbrication. In the north margin of the Organyà basin, salt migration enabled the northward tilting of the basin during the Eocene and Oligocene, which is reflected in the progressive unconformity and onlap of the La Pobla and Gurp intramontane basins. At the same time, sedimentary load accelerated salt migration, enabling the rotation and overturning of the unrooted leading edge of the Nogueres thrust sheet (têtes plongeantes) into the Keuper evaporites. From the field case studies and numerical modelling, this thesis explores essential questions on salt tectonics, regarding the transition from load-induced bending to compressional buckling, the role of syn-compressional sedimentation and erosion or the effect of pre-existing diapir structures in the structural development of foreland basins

Basement-involved thrusting, salt migration and intramontane conglomerates: a case from the Southern Pyrenees

The northern margin of the Organyà basin (Southern Pyrenees) has a complex structure in which syn-rift Lower Cretaceous carbonates flank a wide Keuper evaporite province, featuring the leading edges of the basement-involved thrust sheets of the Pyrenean antiformal stack. Recent studies show that Keuper diapirs and salt walls grew during the Cretaceous extensional episode, conditioning the development of differentiated depocenters and minibasins. The role of salt tectonics during the Pyrenean orogeny has not been addressed in previous structural studies, but present-day cross-sections indicate a Keuper evaporite-bearing vertical thickness of up to 3000 m in the Senterada-Gerri de la Sal area. We infer that salt migration was a determinant mechanism in triggering a gentle northward tilting of the Organyà basin during the Eocene-Oligocene, recorded in the La Pobla de Segur and Gurp syn-tectonic conglomerates in a large north-directed onlap, opposite to the main sedimentary influx direction. Contemporaneously, we interpret that salt migration, promoted by conglomerate differential loading, enabled the sinking and rotation of the unrooted Nogueres thrust units (têtes plongeantes). We use new and published structural data for the Lower Cretaceous margin of the Organyà basin, combined with structural and clast provenance data from the Cenozoic alluvial fan conglomerates of La Pobla and Gurp, to understand the Lutetian to late Oligocene evolution of the northern margin of the Central South-Pyrenean Unit. The tectono-sedimentary evolution of this area and the salt evacuation patterns are closely related to the exhumation history of the stacked Paleozoic thrust sheets of the Pyrenean hinterland to the north. In this study, we correlate the movements over a mobile substratum and the paleogeographic changes of conglomeratic basins at the toe of an exhuming orogenic interior

SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern are associated with lower RT-PCR amplification cycles between January and March 2021 in France

International audienceSARS-CoV-2 variants raise concern regarding the mortality caused by COVID-19 epidemics. We analyse 88,375 cycle amplication (Ct) values from variant-specic RT-PCR tests performed between January 26 and March 13, 2021. We estimate that on March 12, nearly 85% of the infections were caused by the Alpha variant and that its transmission advantage over wild type strains was between 38 and 44%. We also nd that tests positive for Alpha and Beta/Gamma variants exhibit signicantly lower cycle threshold (Ct) values

Simulación clínica en el aprendizaje de la cuantificación de la pérdida hemática en obstetricia

Depto. de Salud Pública y Materno - InfantilFac. de MedicinaFALSEsubmitte

The upper Maastrichtian dinosaur fossil record from the southern Pyrenees and its contribution to the topic of the Cretaceous–Palaeogene mass extinction event

In the present paper, the fossil record of the archosaurs (dinosaurs, crocodylomorphs and pterosaurs) of the southern Pyrenees before the Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K–Pg) transition is revised. On the basis of this fossil record, a well-dated succession of dinosaurs and other archosaurs is established within polarity magnetochrons C30 and C29r. Almost 150 sites with dinosaur remains have been identified, containing hadrosauroid ornithopods, titanosaur sauropods and theropods, as well as egg sites and tracks. Fossil remains of dinosaurs and other archosaurs are abundant in C29r, disappearing abruptly near the top of the “Lower Red Garumnian” unit of the Tremp Formation. Thus this should be located very close to, or coinciding with the K–Pg boundary. These data suggest that the disappearance of the dinosaurs and other archosaurs was geologically abrupt in the southern Pyrenees, but to date there is no incontrovertible evidence of the presence of the impact level that marks the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary. Interestingly, what is highlighted in the southern Pyrenees is that the vertebrate-rich upper Maastrichtian continental sites were replaced by similar sedimentological facies characterized by the virtual absence not only of dinosaurs but also of any vertebrate remain throughout the lower Palaeocene. This could mean that the Danian terrestrial ecosystems of the southern Pyrenees took longer than other areas of the world to recover their biodiversity after the K−Pg extinction event.Fil: Canudo, José I.. Universidad de Zaragoza. Facultad de Ciencias; EspañaFil: Oms, Oriol. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Vila, Bernat. Universidad de Zaragoza. Facultad de Ciencias; EspañaFil: Galobart, Àngel. Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont; España. Museu de la Conca Dellà; EspañaFil: Fondevilla, Víctor. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Puértolas Pascual, Eduardo. Universidad de Zaragoza. Facultad de Ciencias; EspañaFil: Garcia Sellés, Albert. Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont; EspañaFil: Cruzado Caballero, Penélope. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología; ArgentinaFil: Dinarès Turell, Jaume. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia; ItaliaFil: Vicens, Enric. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Castanera, Diego. Universidad de Zaragoza. Facultad de Ciencias; EspañaFil: Company, Julio. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; EspañaFil: Burrel, Laura. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Estrada, Rita. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Marmi, Josep. Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont; EspañaFil: Blanco, Alejandro. Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont; Españ

Proyecto de Innovación Convocatoria 2020/2021. Título del proyecto: Simulación Clínica en el aprendizaje de la cuantificación de la Pérdida Hemática en Obstetricia.

Taller de simulación clínica con escenarios de baja y alta fidelidad, que permitan al estudiante comprender una circunstancia frecuente en las rotaciones de la asignatura y que supone una de las causas de muerte materna más frecuente a nivel mundial

Retrospective Analysis of Patients with Gynaecological Uterine Sarcomas in a Tertiary Hospital

Uterine sarcomas are rare and heterogeneous malignancies accounting for 1% to 3% of all gynaecological tumours. There are many histological subtypes recognised, including leiomyosarcomas, endometrial stromal sarcoma, and uterine carcinosarcoma, although the latest has been recently discarded in this group. Despite its low incidence, these types of cancer currently entail multiple challenges, either in diagnostics or clinical management, with a poor prognosis associated. The present work aimed to complete a comparative analysis of the different histological subtypes based on the clinicopathological characteristics of our population, the therapeutic characteristics, and associated prognosis in 161 patients treated in our centre during the period between 1985 and 2020. Moreover, a systematic review grouped a total of 2211 patients with a diagnosis of uterine sarcoma from 19 articles published in 16 countries from 2002 to 2021 was performed, all with retrospective analyses. Our results showed that apart from uterine carcinosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma is the most frequent subtype of uterine sarcoma, with unique clinical, demographic, and survival parameters. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review conducted in this field and, thus, it shows the difficulties of collecting a significant number of patients per year, a valid reason why multicentre or national registries are recommended to allow a more exhaustive analysis of this pathology