Pathomorphological and meat quality alterations connected with wooden breast in broiler chickens of different genotypes and slaughter ages

This study examined pathomorphological changes and meat quality alterations associated with Wooden Breast Myopathy (WB) in total of 192 broiler chickens divided into Ross 308 (n=96) and Cobb 500 (n=96) heavy hybrids at ages 42, 60, and 70 days. WB occurrence remained consistently high (>73%) across periods, peaking on day 70(83% for Ross, 90% for Cobb). Cobb broilers had better production results and carcass traits parameters after day 42 and day 60 of the experiment (p≤0.05). Genotype did not affect WB occurrence or severity, while slaughter age influenced severe cases WB occurrence, increasing from 11.67% on day 42 to 36.67% on day 70 (p=0.003). The presence of WB was associated with higher ultimate pH, lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) of the muscle (p<0.0001), except on day 70. Physicochemical and color parameters were also influenced by slaughter age (p<0.0001). On day 42, drip loss (p<0.0001), cooking loss (p≤0.05) and shear force (p<0.0001) were affected by genotype. On days 60 and 70, the differences in water retention capacity were observed only between normal and severely affected breasts (p<0.0001). For each slaughter age severely affected WB had higher shear force compared to normal breasts (p<0.0001). Additionally, with the increasing slaughter age of broilers, drip loss, cooking loss, and shear force of the breast meat were increased (p<0.0001). The results obtained regarding the occurrence and severity of WB and its consequent meat quality alterations suggest that extended fattening is not recommended for poultry production.Supplementary material: [https://vet-erinar.vet.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4079

Antimicrobial growth promoters in feed - possibilities and necessity

The attention of the scientific and professional communities, as well as of food consumers, has always been directed towards finding adequate nutritional strategies that could improve food production and safety. By using antibiotics as feed additives, farmers gained increased profits based on higher growth rates with better feed conversion and lower costs of therapeutic treatment. The quantities of antibiotics used as growth promoters for farm animals have been increasing constantly, but at the same time, the frequency of bacterial resistance to antibiotics and the presence of antibiotic residues in food have become a global problem. To eliminate or minimize these risks, on 1 January 2006, antibiotics were banned from use as additives in animal nutrition in the European Union. Accordingly, there is interest in developing new nutritional strategies that would support the function of the autochthonous microbiota in the animal gastrointestinal tract to control pathogenic bacteria. Probiotics, prebiotics, phytobiotics and feed enzymes are a new generation of growth promoters and largely achieve their effects by using the physiological mechanisms of animals and/or their intestinal microbiomes, enabling animals to completely fulfil their genetic potential with respect to production properties

Influence of different sources of fat on lipid index of muscle and fat tissue of pigs

Of the total meat production in Serbia, pork makes up more than one half. This meat is often associated with cardiovascular diseases due to its high contents of fat and saturated fatty acids. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of various sources of fat in pig feeds on lipid indices of fat and muscle tissue of pigs from the point of view of consumer health needs. A total of 30 Yorkshire x Landrace crossbred pigs were divided into three experimental groups of 10 individuals and fed a complete finisher mixture for fattening pigs, with standard raw materials and chemical composition but with differing sources of fat. The results obtained show fat sources in pig feed significantly influenced the lipid indices, and the differences were more pronounced in fat than in muscle tissue of pigs

Wooden breast - a novel myopathy recognized in broiler chickens

Abnormally hard breast fillet consistency began to emerge in commercial broiler chickens around 2010. Due to the remarkable muscle hardness, the condition acquired the vernacular name wooden breast myopathy. This myopathy starts to develop after two weeks of age at the earliest and typically proceeds into chronic myodegeneration in three to four weeks of age. The lesion begins focally and typically develops into a diffuse lesion that involves the entire major pectoral muscle. The restricted location of wooden breast lesion in the m. pectoralis major distinguishes it from several other myodegenerative diseases that widely affect the skeletal muscle system and often the cardiac and smooth muscle systems too. Although industry-wide incidence rates are difficult to assess, it has been estimated that approximately 5-10% of commercially produced breast fillets exhibit severe WB. Even at low incidence rates, the costs to industry are substantial, as breast fillets with the wooden breast condition are often downgraded and sold at a discount, used for further processing, or in extreme cases, discarded. Because the etiology of wooden breast is still unclear, in the future, study of the early lesions, pathogenesis and the possible reduction of animal welfare are likely to gain more attention

Supplementary data for article: Rajčić, A., Bošković Cabrol, M., Glišić, M., Čobanović, N., Tomović, V., Laudanović, M.,& Nešić, S.. (2024). Pathomorphological and meat quality alterations connected with wooden breast in broiler chickens of different genotypes and slaughter ages. in Acta Veterinaria-Beograd Beograd : Fakultet veterinarske medicine., 74(2), 183-209. https://doi.org/10.2478/acve-2024-0013

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.2478/acve-2024-0013]Related to published version: [https://vet-erinar.vet.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4078

Uticaj konjugovane linolne kiseline na masnokiselinski sastav i senzorne osobine suvog svinjskog vrata

Given the importance of CLA for human health, the study aimed to examine the effect of the addition of CLA mixture for pigs in the final stage of fattening on the physical, physico-chemical and sensory properties of meat, as well as the fatty acid composition and sensory properties of dried pork neck. In the experiment, 40 pigs were used, mothers were crosses of Large White and Landrace and sires were Duroc breed, with initial body weight about 60 kg. The animals were randomly divided into two groups of 20 pigs that were fed during 65 days with standard mixture for finishing pigs, to a weight of about 110 kg, provided that the experimental group had a meal supplemented with 2% conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in mixture. At the end of the experimental period, pigs were transported to the slaughterhouse, stunned by electrocution, slaughtered and the carcasses processed in the standard way. The meat pH as well as temperature of the meat 60 minutes, 24, 48 and 72 hours after slaughter were measured, and the meat colour, marbling, and water holding capacity 24-48 and 48-72 hours after slaughter were determined. Also, the analysis of the chemical composition of meat was performed, as well as the analysis of fatty acid composition of animal feed and dried pork neck. The addition of CLA to the mixture for feeding animals had a significant effect on fatty acid composition of the mixture. It was established that the experimental pig mixture had significantly higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and significantly lower content of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids compared to the control mixture. Also, it was established that the contents of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids increased and their ratio (n-6/n-3) decreased. No statistically significant differences were determined between pH values of meat from experimental and control group of pigs 60 minutes, 24, 48 and 72 hours after slaughter, or between the temperature of the meat, colour, marbling, and water holding capacity. The results of the chemical composition of the meat showed that there was a statistically significant difference (p lt 0.05) between the control and experimental groups only in fat content. The content of saturated fatty acids in dried pork neck from the experimental group of pigs was significantly higher (p lt 0.01) than the content of saturated fatty acids in dried neck originating from the control group of pigs, while the content of monounsaturated fatty acids in dried neck from the control group of pigs was statistically significantly higher (p lt 0.01) than the content of monounsaturated fatty acids in dried pork neck from the experimental group of pigs. There was no statistically significant difference between the content of polyunsaturated and n-3, n-6 and n-6/n-3 fatty acids in dried pork neck from experimental or control group of pigs. Average score of overall acceptability of dried pork neck originating from the control group of pigs was statistically significantly higher (p lt 0.05) than the average estimates of the total acceptability of dried pork neck from the experimental group of pigs.Imajući u vidu značaj CLA za zdravlje ljudi, istraživanje je imalo za cilj ispitivanje uticaja dodatka CLA u smešu za svinje u završnoj fazi tova na fizičke, fizičko-hemijske i senzorne osobine mesa, kao i na masnokiselinski sastav i senzorne osobine suvog vrata. U eksperimentu je korišćeno 40 svinja, majki meleza jorkšira i landrasa i oca duroka, sa početnom telesnom masom oko 60 kg. Životinje su nasumično podeljene u dve grupe sa po 20 svinja, koje su tokom 65 dana hranjene standardnom smešom za završni tov svinja, s tim što je ogledna grupa u obroku imala 2% konjugovane linolne kiseline (CLA) u smeši. Nakon klanja svinja, mereni su pH vrednost i temperatura mesa 60 minuta, 24, 48 i 72 sata nakon klanja, određena je boja mesa, mramoriranost i sposobnost vezivanja vode 24-48 i 48-72 sata nakon klanja. Takođe je urađena analiza hemijskog sastava mesa, kao i analiza masnokiselinskog sastava hrane za životinje i suvog vrata. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da dodatak CLA u ishranu svinja utiče na povećanje sadržaja zasićenih, a smanjenje sadržaja mononezasićenih masnih kiselina u intramuskularnoj masti, bez promena fizičkih, fizičko-hemijskih i senzornih osobina mesa

Effect of different oilseeds in pig diet on pig performance and carcass quality parameters

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different oilseeds in pig fattening diet on the pig performance and carcass quality parameters. The study was conducted on 30 pigs of the same origin, Yorkshire x Landrace crossbreeds, with initial body weight of 60 kg, over a 46 day period, with finished animal weight of about 100 kg. The pigs were randomly allocated to one of three dietary treatments in groups of 10 animals. Animals were fed one of the three experimental diets. These comprised the same standard mixture for the final fattening of the pigs (finisher diet), formulated to meet the maintenance and growth requirements of animals used in this study, which differed in the addition of oilseeds only. The experimental group I diet contained sunflower seed, the experimental group II diet contained added commercially prepared linseed (Vitalan- Vitalac, France), at the recommended rate of 2.5% in the feed mixture, and the experimental group III diet contained added full-fat soybean meal. Pig performance and carcass quality parameters were monitored. The average body weight of experimental groups of pigs at the beginning, on day 30 and 46 of the study was not significantly different. The group of pigs fed diet containing flax (group II) had the highest average daily feed intake, feed to gain ratio and average daily and total weight gain. Between the average hot and cold carcass weight, fat thickness, leanness and carcass weight loss during chilling of examined groups were no significant differences, while between the carcass yield of the experimental group of pigs, were noted significant differences.Zbornik kratkih sadržaj

Značaj deklarisanja hrane za potrošače

Приликом куповине свих врста роба (предмета опште употребе, хране, робе широке потрошње), па и при коришћењу услуга (хотели, ресторани, занатске услуге) корисници (купци, потрошачи) се о квалитету роба и услуга информишу на различите начине (декларације, рекламни материјал, средства јавног информисања, искуства пријатеља и познаника итд.). Данас се у већини земаља ради на заштити потрошача, па су њихова права и законски заштићена. Права потрошача штите државне организације за заштиту потрошача, као и невладине непрофитабилне организације (друштва). У Репубици Српској декларисање хране је обавезно и највећи део потрошача је упознат са тим. О томе говори податак да 98,1% анкетираних потрошача сматра да храна (месо) треба да има декларацију. На декларацијама меса за потрошаче најважнија информација, оно на шта обавезно обраћају пажњу, је рок трајања (75,8% одговора). Остале информације су мање значајне (нутрициона вриједност 20,5% одговора, начин производње 30,3%, земља поријекла 23,4%). Декларација према мишљењу више од половине анкетираних (56,3%) даје информације о квалитету и безбједности меса које купују, што говори о томе да потрошачи нису у потпуности упознати са декларисаним подацима. Ово потврђује чињеница да близу једне трећине (32,2%) није сигурно у оно што је декларисано, а 11,5% уопште не вјерује у податке који су декларисани. Добијени резултати могу да се објасне лошим искуством потрошача са декларисањем и стварним квалитетом хране. Информације које упућују на квалитет/безбједност меса (земља поријекла, цијена, расположивост информација, начин паковања, рок трајања итд.) су важне, о чему говори чињеница да је степен слагања анкетираних са наведеним информацијама од 44,8% (цијена) до 66,9% (расположивост информацијама). За информације о упакованим прехрамбеним производима одговоран је субјекат у пословању са храном под чијим се називом, односно пословним именом храна ставља у промет, а за информације о неупакованој храни одговоран је субјекат у пословању са храном који пакује храну на мјесту продаје крајњем потрошачу.__Zbornik kratkih sadržaj

Potential hazards in feed and food

There are three main types of hazards significant for feed safety that can be transmitted from feed and animals to human food (meat, milk and eggs) and these are: biological, chemical and physical hazards. As people's health could be endangered by these hazards, also biological, chemical and physical hazards can affect animal health too. In recent years contamination of feed with chemical hazards is becoming more pronounced, considering that the chemical industry is rapidly evolving, and therefore the number of potentially toxic substances increases. Unlike previous years, the sheer volume, frequency, manner and duration of intoxication is quite changed. Frequently toxic substance intake is at the minimum, which leads to the less pronounced, but lasting effects. Such actions are exposed to both domestic and wild animals, bees and humans. A man can be exposed by the direct impact of toxins or by residual effects of many chemical substances that are lagging in animal products (milk. meat, eggs, fish), but which originate from contaminated feed. These include heavy metals and metalloids, pesticides, industrial contaminants, salt in large amounts, the ingredients of rancid fats, solanine, surplus or deficit of a nutrient, veterinary drugs, fertilisers, radionuclides.Zbornik kratkih sadržaj

Značaj izbora hraniva na masnokiselinski sastav mesa svinja

Veliki broj istraživanja potvrđuje povezanost učestalosti hroničnih masovnih nezaraznih bolesti sa ishranom ljudi. Pri tom se u poseban značaj pridaje upotrebi masti u ishrani ljudi, naročito n-3 i n-6 masnih kiselina i njihovom međusobnom odnosu. Na sadržaj i odnos masnih kiselina mesa svinja može da se utiče izborom hraniva za ishranu svinja. Cilj naših istraživanja bio je ispitivanje uticaja komercijalnog preparata lana, dodatog u hranu za svinje na masnokiselinski sastav mesa svinja. Masnokiselinski sastav hrane za svinje i mesa svinja određen je gasnom hromatografijom. Upotreba lana, u ishrani svinja značajno utiče na sadržaj zasićenih, mononezasićenih i polinezasićenih masnih kiselina u mesu svinja. Meso svinja hranjenih sa ovim dodatkom imalo je značajno povoljniji odnos n-6/ n-3 masnih kiselina, u odnosu na meso svinja hranjenih bez dodatka preparat lana. Dodavanjem preparata lana, u hranu za svinje poboljšava se nutritivna vrednost mesa svinja.Zbornik radova i kratkih sadržaj