9,293 research outputs found
Twenty-Five Years of Hudood Ordinances- A Review
Shortly after coming into power in 1979, General Zia ul-Haq began to Islamize the Pakistan legal system. One measure used to convert Pakistan into an Islamic state was the introduction of hadd offenses-those offenses for which the Qur\u27an prescribed fixed punishments-into the criminal law. This Article specifically examines the impact of one of these provisions, the Offense of Zina (Enforcement of Hudood) Ordinance, on sexual offenses under the Pakistan Penal Code. This statute criminalized all forms of adultery and fornication outside of a legally valid marriage, including instances of rape where the burden of proof had not been met. In 2006, in response to pressure from women\u27s rights groups to repeal or amend this Ordinance, the Pakistani National Assembly passed the Protection of Women (Criminal Laws Amendment) Act. Designed to weaken the inequities of the Zina Ordinance while maintaining conformity with Islamic law, this Act introduced significant reforms to the laws as they relate to women. This Article discusses the importance of this Act and the continual need for additional reform
The Anomalous Trajectories of the Pioneer Spacecraft
Because of their unique designs, the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft have
provided the cleanest Doppler, deep-space navigation data. Analysis of this
data can be interpreted as showing an anomalous acceleration of these craft
directed towards the Sun of . The
background of this discovery and the significance of the result are discussed.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, to be published in the Proceedings of the Second
Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetr
E-business and process change: two case studies (towards an assessment framework)
Purpose
The purpose of this research paper is to explore the impacts of e-business technology adoption at process level in SMEs.
Methodology/approach
The paper reviews a range of literature and mainstream models relating to e-business impacts in SMEs and then focuses on two in-depth case studies. The cases draw their empirical material from the involvement of the author in e-business project management in these two companies..
Findings
The two case studies show significant impacts of e-business technology at process level. They also illustrate that contrasting information systems strtaegies can be equally successful in embracing e-business process change.
Originality/value
The value of the case studies lies in their originality and the paper highlights the potential impacts and benefits of e-business at process level
Search for a Standard Explanation of the Pioneer Anomaly
The data from Pioneer 10 and 11 shows an anomalous, constant, Doppler
frequency drift that can be interpreted as an acceleration directed towards the
Sun of a_P = (8.74 \pm 1.33) x 10^{-8} cm/s^2. Although one can consider a new
physical origin for the anomaly, one first must investigate the contributions
of the prime candidates, which are systematics generated on board. Here we
expand upon previous analyses of thermal systematics. We demonstrate that
thermal models put forth so far are not supported by the analyzed data.
Possible ways to further investigate the nature of the anomaly are proposed.Comment: Changes made for publicatio
The Apparent Anomalous, Weak, Long-Range Acceleration of Pioneer 10 and 11
Recently we reported that radio Doppler data generated by NASA's Deep Space
Network (DSN) from the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft indicate an apparent
anomalous, constant, spacecraft acceleration with a magnitude cm s, directed towards the Sun (gr-qc/9808081). Analysis of
similar Doppler and ranging data from the Galileo and Ulysses spacecraft
yielded ambiguous results for the anomalous acceleration, but it was useful in
that it ruled out the possibility of a systematic error in the DSN Doppler
system that could easily have been mistaken as a spacecraft acceleration. Here
we present some new results, including a critique suggestions that the
anomalous acceleration could be caused by collimated thermal emission. Based
partially on a further data for the Pioneer 10 orbit determination, the data
now spans January 1987 to July 1998, our best estimate of the average Pioneer
10 acceleration directed towards the Sun is cm
s.Comment: Latex, 7 pages and 2 figures. Invited talk at the XXXIV-th Rencontres
de Moriond Meeting on Gravitational Waves and Experimental Gravity. Les Arcs,
Savoi, France (January 23-30,1999). Corrected typo
Depression Moderates the Frailty–Subjective Health Link among Chinese Near Centenarians and Centenarians
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