Crisis Preparedness and Response for Schools: An Analytical Study of Punjab, Pakistan

This research study aims to analyze the Preparedness and Response to crises in School Education department at secondary level in Punjab, Pakistan. This was done through the experiences and views of District Education Officers (DEOs), Head of Schools and Secondary School Teachers (SST). The purpose of the study was not only to examine preparedness and response to crises but also to help education administration with specific reference to circumstances under which the process of crisis management at school level is going on, within the Pakistani Education system. For collection of data a detailed questionnaire for DEOs, Heads and Teachers was used in nine sampled districts out of 36 (25%) of the Punjab. The study remained with descriptive type of research methodology. To evaluate the crisis Preparation and response of administration, 6 main and 31 sub factors were analyzed through the process of percentage (%), Weighted Mean (WM), and Standard Deviation (SD).  After gone through the process of analysis of data and findings of the study it was revealed that at administration and management (DEOs & Head) level the practices of crisis management remained satisfactory. The school administration carries the practices in normal way. No concept of creating awareness among the students about crisis. No proper system of crisis response team, training and other measures were not found, which are very important for safety and security of the students and staff. Keywords: Educational Crisis Management, Crisis preparedness & Respons

Study the Level of Awareness Among Housewives About Environmental Education

The purpose of this paper was to study the level of awareness among housewives about environmental education. For this task review of existing literature was carried out. Being descriptive study, survey method was adopted for data collection. A group of 50 housewives from Bahawalnagar District of Division Bahawalpur was recognized as sample to accomplish the study. Closed ended questionnaire for housewives were developed on Likert scale and data was collected. Data collected through questionnaire was tabulated, analysis and discussed. The analysis was arranged on the basis of respondents and the housewives’ opinions were analyzed. The result from the findings of this study showed that active learning of the housewives has appeared with the expansion of their actions in the Green Future. With the presence at the Eco conductors Training course as an opening, they come to join in the Eco conducting Activity and developed Green Future into an essential association connected to the eco-environment in the society. Their Eco-conducting movement was based on the outcome of knowledge from the teaching courses, in which the accessible expert in Eco conducting skilled them. At the end some recommendations were made to improve housewives’ skills and awareness about environmental education

Drying Kinetics of Cassava Chips

This report has designedly been written for those massive organizations that run in danger of failure. Globally General motor is one of the most important cars and truck producing company, General Motors has been chosen as a case study. The rationale behind choice of selection as a case study is it’s hundred years of long history, business operations in 158 countries across the globe and filing for bankruptcy petition in year 2009 in an round the time of monetary crisis folks. Therefore, money information for 10 consecutive years of gram and its application of chapter11 bankruptcy petition are analyzed and compared with its world contestant Ford for comprehensive judgment. In addition to previous researches, that were restricted to solely money ratios, this analysis has been swollen on the far side money and enclosed external factors like economic and market economy. AN insight of varied disciplines, that have invariably been neglected has taken as an empirical and located the various conclusion. Whole analysis prospers through four totally different segments; from varied literature reviews and to money quantitative relation analysis. Subsequent to analysis an important outcome has been accomplished. This exploration suggests that for survival of enormous businesses data of economic is crucial besides money coming up with and management. Therefore, massive organization ought to keep self-regulation to take advantage of obtainable credit facility and don't exceeds its debts on the far side bound united limits. While taking strategic call, it's crucial to research base currency and its long run trends. Finally, multinationals must always implement innovation practices for his or her existence. Key words: Indebtedness affects, Avoid Bankruptcy, General motor’s financial analysi

Microstructural transformations and Grain growth in alumina nanoprecursors

Alumina nanoprecursors with a range of average particle size and narrow distribution manifested two different grain and pore growth during mictrostructural developments. Densification temperature decreases in general with the decrease in average particle size though the distribution of particle size as a function of heating rate manifested different grain growth and subsequent densification. At low heating rate, 5oC the particles tend to show bimodal grain growth with bigger average grain, about 3 micron and densified at elevated temperatures, 1600oC. While at ten times elevated heating rate, 50sC, the particles tend to show normal grain growth with desirable average grain, 1bout 1 micron and densified at comparatively 200oC degrees lower temperature. Keywords:Alumina, densification, grain growth, pore closure. DOI: 10.7176/CMR/14-4-04 Publication date:November 30th, 202

Metabolic engineering and thermodynamic characterization of an extracellular β-glucosidase produced by Aspergillus niger

The production of an extracellular β-glucosidase by Aspergillus niger NRRL 599 was optimized using submerged fermentation technique. Effect of different media, different carbon sources, initial pH of the fermentation medium, temperature, incubation period and inoculum size on the production of β- glucosidase enzyme was investigated. A. niger NRRL 599 produced maximum extracellular β- glucosidase (4.48 U/mg) in Eggins and Pugh medium with 1% wheat bran (w/v) at pH 5.5 inoculated with 4% conidial suspension after 96 h of incubation at 30°C. Purified β-glucosidase gave Km and Vmax values of 3.11 mM and 20.83 U/mg respectively for pNPG hydrolysis. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 4.8 and at temperature of 60°C. Thermodynamic parameters, Ea, ΔH and ΔS were found to be 52.17 KJ/mol, 49.90 J/mol.K and -71.69 KJ/mol, respectively. The pKa1 and pKa2 of ionizable groups of active site residues involved in Vmax were calculated to be 4.1 and 6.0 respectively.Key words: β-Glucosidase, Aspergillus niger, kinetics, thermodynamics

How Different Behavior of Bosses Affect the Organization Performance

The behaviors of bosses in the organization determine the good and bad performances of employees. The purpose of this research is to identify behaviors of different bosses in various situations. Actually people or employees must be guided by bosses, who have a clear sense of direction. A group discussion approach has been adopted by the researchers in which department of management sciences of The Islamia University Bahawalpur has been taken for the discussion on boss behaviors. A qualitative approach has been adopted for content analysis of performance evaluation of employees in this university. Research has been taken from teaching staff of university and results are analyzed for the basis of group discussion. Results have shown that by compare and contrast method to evaluate the responses of teacher about their boss. Research have also shown that factors like displaying moral courage ,abusive supervision ,keep commitments and opportunity learn and grow are the potential hindrances in performances of teacher in this department .Proposals and implications for this department have also been discussed in order to improve the performance. Keywords: Human resource management, organization performance, teacher’s evaluation, work environment, bosses behavior, Department of management sciences Islamia University Bahawalpur (DMS, IUB

Genotoxic Response of Oreochromis niloticus Exposed to Tertiary Mixture of Pesticides

Background: At present the aquatic habitats of Pakistan become heavily polluted due to presence of heavy metals and pesticides. This research was carried out to check the percentage of DNA damage, Genetic Damage Index and Cumulative Tail Length of comets formed in the erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus following exposure to a tertiary mixture of pesticides (chlorpyrifos, endosulfan and bifenthrin) with the Comet assay.Methods: Acute toxicity (96-hour LC50) of chlorpyrifos + endosulfan + bifenthrin mixture was determined for Oreochromis niloticus (180-day old), and then four sublethal concentrations (1/3rd, 1/4th, 1/5th , and 1/6th  of the LC50) were calculated. To control the possibility of temperature variation, fingerlings of O. niloticus were treated with four experimental pesticides concentrations used for duration of 90 days under constant conditions of laboratory (with negative and positive control). On day 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 84 fish peripheral blood cells were collected following exposure to assess DNA damage.Results: DNA damage was observed to be statistically significant (p<0.05) throughout the exposure period due to the various test concentrations. In fish erythrocytes, a dose/concentration-dependent response was observed, with the greatest DNA damage occurring at 1/3rd of the LC50 exposure. Comparing DNA damage in Oreochromis niloticus peripheral blood erythrocytes across all sampling days revealed a continuous rise in the quantity of damaged DNA with increase in time of exposure.Conclusion: Present investigation represented an unprecedented approach to study genotoxic effects of pesticides on fish. The widespread application of pesticides (chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, bifenthrin) in agriculture sector exerts adverse effects on various non-target organisms via trophic transfer that ultimately pose a serious threat for human beings. Current findings suggested minimized and sensible use of pesticides to avoid genetic threats to aquatic fauna and to maintain sustainable agriculture and aquaculture.Keywords: Oreochromis niloticus; Endosulfan; Chlorpyrifos; DNA damage; Chronic exposur

Potent Implications of miRNA in Cancer Biology – A Brief Review

Groundbreaking findings through high-throughput technologies have deepened our understanding on an intricate interplay between products of coding sequences and noncoding RNAs. Increasingly it is being realized that miRNA, produced from what was previously considered as "genomic trash" have revolutionized the field of molecular and translational oncology. Overwhelmingly accumulating in-vitro and in-vivo studies have demonstrated that miRNA are key players involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene network in numerous human pathologies including cancer. In this review we have attempted to provide recent advancements related to multifaceted roles played by miRNA in modulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes

Efficacy of exogenous application of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) on growth and yield of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)

The growth and yield promotion of mungbean in response to the use of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) was investigated through a pot study which was arranged in the wire house of Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. The study was comprised of five treatments and three replications (control, 0.2 ppm 2, 4-D, 0.5 ppm 2, 4-D, 0.8 ppm 2, 4-D, and 1 ppm 2, 4-D). The suggested dose of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (NPK) was applied at the amount of 20, 60 and 25 kg ha-1 added as Urea, DAP and SOP, respectively at sowing time. The data regarding growth (plant height, root and shoot length, root and shoot fresh and dry weight, and total biomass), yield (grain weight, number of grains plant-1) and NPK analysis in plants and soil was recorded and statistically analyzed. The response of exogenous application of 2, 4-D was significant at all levels in improving the performance of all the growth parameters and yield as compared to untreated control treatment. Maximum performance of all the parameters was recorded at 0.8 ppm application of 2, 4-D. As the concentration of 2, 4-D increased the development of plants also showed positive effect but up to 0.8 ppm application after that it started to decrease which showed that at higher concentrations 2, 4-D acts as growth retardant

An Agent Based Security Framework for Emering Networks

Summary Mobile ad-hoc network has gained enormous amount of attention during last few years due to its wider application area from conventional military purposes to emergency response service. MANETs throws up new requirements and problems due to flexibility and dynamic nature of these networks. The challenges faced in the Ad-hoc environment are mostly due to the resource poorness of these networks. These types of networks operate in the absence of any fixed infrastructure; therefore solutions for conventional networks are usually not sufficient to provide efficient operations in ad-hoc environment. The wireless nature of communication and lack of any security infrastructure raise several security problems. In this paper we propose an agent based framework for MANET security. The proposed approach is scalable and has a minor dependence on central node. Mobility feature of software agents address the issues of dynamic topology and unpredictable traffic patterns