Cyber-Attacks in IoT-enabled Cyber-physical Systems

Cyber physical systems (CPS) that are Internet of Things (IoT) enabled might be difficult to secure since security measures designed for general data / value through the development (IT / OT) systems may not work as well in a CPS environment. Consequently, this research provides a two-level ensemble attack detection and attribution framework created for CPS, and more particularly in an industrial control system (ICS). For identifying assaults in unbalanced ICS environments, a decision tree integrated to an unique ensemble deep representation learning model is created at the first extent. An ensemble deep neural network is created for assault features at the second level. Applying actual data collections from the gas pipeline and water treatment system, Findings show that the suggested type is more effective than other competing methods with a similar level of computational complexity

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Not AvailableFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are transboundary diseases caused by single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses with similarities in genome replication and viral protein synthesis. In FMD, asymptomatic infection leads to carrier status and persistently infected animals that threaten the animals vaccinated with a trivalent inactivated whole virus vaccine. Similar information on COVID-19 is not yet available. As COVID-19 vaccination is introduced in January 2021 (since 16 January 2021 in India), its outcome can be assessed by the yearend; and while doing so, the experiences gained in the control of FMD in livestock worldwide can be applied, including monitoring of vaccination response, duration of immunity, level of herd immunity developed, and antigenic matching of the vaccine virus. Antigenic divergence of the virus is a major issue in FMD, and different geographical regions in the world use different virus strains in vaccine preparations to antigenically match circulating virus strains in respective regions for control of the disease. Non-synonymous mutations in the critical antigenic determinants of SARS-CoV-2 have been observed, and there is likely the existence/ development of antigenic variants. Therefore, during the post-COVID-19 vaccination regime, it will be essential to monitor the suitability of the in-use vaccine strain region-wise from time to time, as there could be an eruption of isolated outbreaks in a country arising due to antigenic variation and variants. In the context of the present scenario of COVID-19 around the Globe and multiple ongoing efforts to develop suitable vaccine(s) to control the disease, it is a must to develop NSP-antibody (that differentiate infected from vaccinated) assays to differentiate infected from vaccinated individuals(DIVI; DIVA in veterinary epidemiology). The techniques used and experiences gained in ongoing FMD control programs in the endemic countries can be applied to COVID-19 control in a country; and finally, the Globe. After achieving the control of COVID-19, the aim would be to eradicate the virus, which will be tough even with vaccination, as the disease/ infection may become endemic during the time to come. To achieve this, applying the principles of Progressive Control Pathway for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (PCP-FMD; FAO/OIE) to COVID-19 control will be beneficial in its control. The present review discusses the issue of control of COVID-19.Not Availabl