29 research outputs found

    Electron-ion-plasma modification of the structure and properties of commercial steels

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    The work is devoted to the structural-phase analysis of steels of the austenitic and martensitic grade, irradiated with a high-intensity pulsed electron beam of the submillisecond duration of exposure in the mode of the surface layer melting. A thermodynamic analysis of phase transformations occurring during heat treatment in alloys of the composition Fe-Cr-C and Fe-Cr-Ni-C, which are the basis of steels 20X13 and 12X18H10T, is carried out. It is shown that formation of solid solutions on the basis of [alpha]-iron (BCC crystalline lattice) and [gamma]- iron (FCC crystalline lattice) as well as the entire range of carbide phases of a complex elemental composition (M[23]C[6], M[7]C[3] ΠΈ M[3]C, where symbol M refers to atoms of metallic elements Fe, Cr, and Ni) is possible in equilibrium conditions in given materials. The irradiation of steels 12X18H10T and 20X13 with a high-intensity pulsed electron beam of the submillisecond duration of exposure is carried out. It is shown that the electron-beam processing of steel in the melting mode and the subsequent rapid crystallization is accompanied by a significant transformation of the surface layer structure, consisting in complete dissolution of original carbide phase particles; in formation of dendritic crystallization cells of submicron sizes; in occurrence of martensitic [gamma]->[alpha] and [gamma]->[epsilon] transformation; in re-allocation of nanosized particles of carbide and intermetallic phases

    ИспользованиС ТСлСзосодСрТащих ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² с органичСскими загрязнитСлями Π² качСствС ΡˆΠΈΡ…Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠ΅ сСрых Ρ‡ΡƒΠ³ΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠ²

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    New scientific data are presented considering chemical hardening of metal-containing wastes with organic contaminants (oily cast iron turnings, scale, and polishing sludge with oil content up to 10 mass%. If oils are oxidized and their components are simultaneously transformed into cleaner condition by baling (without high pressure), it is accompanied by formation of basic salts such as (MgOH)3PO4 or (MgOHAlO2 + (MgOH)2SiO3) at co-mixing of excessive amounts of clay (alkaline), lack of magnesite and the acidic medium. When iron contacts the acid, light acid film is decomposed, and a denser phosphate film is formed (phosphate), it promotes good adhesion and provides the required strength of bales. Introducing up to 30% of bales with metal-containing wastes with organic contaminants into charge of furnace according to the developed technology provides an increase up to 70% of the amount of pearlite in the metal base of iron while its dispersion is improving up to 1.4Pd -0.3Pd, and a significant amount of fine hardening phases is formed.ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎ процСссах химичСского твСрдСния мСталлосодСрТащих ΠΎΡ‚Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² с органичСским загрязнитСлСм (замаслСнная чугунная струТка, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡˆΠ»ΠΈΡ„ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΡˆΠ»Π°ΠΌΡ‹ с содСрТаниСм масла Π΄ΠΎ 10 мас. %) ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ окислСнии масСл ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π² экологичСски Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ чистоС состояниС ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ пакСтирования (Π±Π΅Π· примСнСния высоких Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ), ΡΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ основных солСй Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ° (MgOH)3PO4 Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ (MgOHAlO2 + (MgOH)2SiO3) ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ совмСстном смСшивании ΠΈΠ·Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… количСств Π³Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ (щСлочная срСда), нСдостаткС ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½Π΅Π·ΠΈΡ‚Π° ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΈ кислой срСды. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° с кислотой происходит Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Ρ‹Ρ…Π»ΠΎΠΉ оксидной ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ фосфатной ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ (фосфатированиС), ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠ΅ΠΉ Π°Π΄Π³Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ прочности ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². Π’Π²ΠΎΠ΄ Π² Π·Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΊΡƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠ΅ Ρ‡ΡƒΠ³ΡƒΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ 30 мас.% ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ТСлСзосодСрТащСго ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° с органичСским загрязнитСлСм обСспСчиваСт ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ 70% количСства ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π° Π² мСталличСской основС Ρ‡ΡƒΠ³ΡƒΠ½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ диспСрсности Π΄ΠΎ Пд 1,4 - Пд 0,3, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ количСства мСлкодиспСрсных ΡƒΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ„Π°Π·

    Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ‚Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²

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    The developed results of production of foundry metal-containing materials from waste and semiprocessed products of related industries, the balling technology are presented. The technological characteristics of metals reduction, in particular, titanium from titanium-containing powdery materials are investigated. Titanium introduction into the melt with the direct alloying method provides saving of scarce and expensive ferroalloys. The modifying effect is achieved due to the chemical interaction of the additives with separate elements of the crystallizing substance. Unlike the familiar modification method of cast iron from ferrotitanium, when the modifying effect is due to deoxidizing action of titanium, in the course of direct alloying in the presence of such a strong reducing agent as atomic carbon, the carbide inclusions provide a decisive modifying effect.ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ созданию Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· мСталлосодСрТащих ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ‚Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² смСТных производств, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡ… пакСтирования. Π˜ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ тСхнологичСскиС особСнности восстановлСния ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ², Π² частности Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½Π°, ΠΈΠ· титансодСрТащих ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ². Π’Π²ΠΎΠ΄ Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½Π° Π² расплав ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ прямого лСгирования обСспСчиваСт экономию Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… фСрросплавов. ΠœΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ эффСкт достигаСтся Π·Π° счСт химичСского взаимодСйствия Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ с ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ элСмСнтами ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡΡ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ вСщСства. Π’ ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ извСстных ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² модифицирования Ρ‡ΡƒΠ³ΡƒΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ· Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ эффСкт ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Ρ€Π°ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ дСйствиСм Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½Π°, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ прямом Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ присутствии Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сильного восстановитСля, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄, Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ дСйствиС ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ

    Π˜Π‘ΠŸΠžΠ›Π¬Π—ΠžΠ’ΠΠΠ˜Π• Π’ΠΠ•Π¨ΠΠ˜Π₯ Π­Π›Π•ΠšΠ’Π Π˜Π§Π•Π‘ΠšΠ˜Π₯ ΠŸΠžΠ›Π•Π™ ПРИ Π”ΠžΠ’ΠžΠ”ΠšΠ• Π ΠΠ‘ΠŸΠ›ΠΠ’ΠžΠ’ Π’ ΠŸΠ›ΠΠ’Π˜Π›Π¬ΠΠ«Π₯ АГРЕГАВАΠ₯

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    Some advanced methods for alloy composition regulation at negligible consumption of slag-forming additives are suggested. When implementing the proposed technology, the slag functions as a protector and electric conductor, and redox processes are determined by the magnitude and the applied potential function. Both cathodic and anodic polarization of aluminum alloys in alundum and graphite crucibles is studied with the curves polarization method. The behavior of components of aluminum alloys is studied under external cathodic and anodic effects of the melt with a constant electric field. During the cathode polarization there is a significant decrease of Mg loss in the aging process of the melt; on the contrary, anodic polarization increases the loss in comparison with the melting without external electrochemical action. The content of Fe and Ni under anodic polarity of the melt is not reduced if it is compared to the melting without electrochemical action due to passivation. The elements at the end of the electrochemical series are mostly protected. Thus, copper is wasted less under the cathodic and, especially, anodic polarization.Β ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ пСрспСктивныС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ рСгулирования состава сплава ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… расходах ΡˆΠ»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ шлак выполняСт Π² основном Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ‰ΡƒΡŽ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-Π²ΠΎΡΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ процСссы Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»Π°. Π‘ использованиСм ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° поляризационных ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π° катодная ΠΈ анодная поляризации Π°Π»ΡŽΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… сплавов Π² Π°Π»ΡƒΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… тиглях. ИсслСдовано ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π°Π»ΡŽΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… сплавов ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ внСшнСм ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ воздСйствии Π½Π° расплав постоянным элСктричСским ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ поляризации Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ сниТСниС ΡƒΠ³Π°Ρ€Π° Mg Π² процСссС Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ расплава, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎ врСмя ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ – происходит, Π½Π°ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚, ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡƒΠ³Π°Ρ€Π° Π² сравнСнии с ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π· внСшнСго элСктрохимичСского воздСйствия. Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Fe ΠΈ Ni ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ полярности расплава Π½Π΅ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π· элСктрохимичСского воздСйствия, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ пассивациСй. Наибольший Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ эффСкт Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ для элСмСнтов, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ стоят Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ элСктрохимичСского ряда напряТСний. Π’Π°ΠΊ, мСдь ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ особСнно ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ полярности мСньшС всСго ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΡ€Π°Π΅Ρ‚.

    Aluminum surface layer strengthening using intense pulsedbeam radiation of substrate film system

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    The paper presents formation of the substrate film system (Zr-Ti-Cu/Al) by electric arc spraying of cathode having the appropriate composition. It is shown that the intense beam radiation of the substrate film system is accompanied by formation of the multi-phase state, the microhardness of which exceeds the one of pure A7 aluminum by = 4.5 times

    Π€ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… растворов наночастиц крСмния Π² этиловом спиртС ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π»Π°Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ

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    The study of surface morphology of a silicon target after laser exposure, the formation and study of nanoparticles, obtained by laser ablation by ultrashort infrared pulses, were conducted. The material was processed using a yttrium aluminum garnet laser (LS-2134D) with a wavelength of 1064 nm, generating in a two-pulse mode (pulses are separated by a time interval of 3 ΞΌs, pulse duration is 10 ns, pulse repetition rate is 10 Hz, single pulse energy ~ 0.05 J). Alcohol solutions of silicon nanoparticles were obtained by laser ablation. It is shown that an ensemble of particles of different sizes (from 20 nm to 2.5 ΞΌm) is formed, which have no faceting. Using the method of scanning electron microscopy, the features of the morphology of the surface of the crater of polycrystalline silicon, which is in ethyl alcohol during pulsed laser processing in the double pulse mode, have been established. It is shown that the structure of the crater consists of silicon grains separated from each other by grooves; the material evaporates along the grain boundaries, and wide thermal etching grooves are formed. These results can be used to create solar cells.ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ исслСдованиС ΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ повСрхности мишСни крСмния послС Π»Π°Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ воздСйствия, Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ исслСдованиС наночастиц, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π°Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ абляции ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ инфракрасного Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°. Для ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° использован Π»Π°Π·Π΅Ρ€ Π½Π° Π°Π»ΡŽΠΌΠΎΠΈΡ‚Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΌ Π³Ρ€Π°Π½Π°Ρ‚Π΅ (LS-2134D) с Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ‹ 1064 Π½ΠΌ, Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ…ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ (ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΡ‹ Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π²Π°Π»ΠΎΠΌ 3 мкс, Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΠΎΠ² 10 нс, частота слСдования ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΠΎΠ² 10 Π“Ρ†, энСргия ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΠ° ~ 0,05 Π”ΠΆ). ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π°Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ абляции ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ спиртовыС растворы наночастиц крСмния. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ формируСтся ансамбль частиц Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π° (ΠΎΡ‚ 20 Π½ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎ 2,5 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ), ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈ. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ элСктрон- Π½ΠΎΠΉ микроскопии установлСны особСнности ΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ повСрхности ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π° поликристалличСского крСмния, находящСгося Π² этиловом спиртС, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»Π°Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ Π² Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ сдвоСнных ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΠΎΠ². Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ структура ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π° состоит ΠΈΠ· Π·Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ крСмния, ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ ΠΎΡ‚ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³Π° ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π²ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, испарСниС ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° происходит ΠΏΠΎ Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ†Π°ΠΌ Π·Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½, ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ тСрмичСского травлСния. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ис- ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ создании солнСчных элСмСнтов

    MULTIPURPOSE (WEARPROOF AND ANTIFRICTIONAL) COVERINGS ON PRODUCTS FROM CAST IRON

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    The basic elements of the new complex technologies providing effective receiving of the materials with the new level of properties are considered. Prospects of creation of new systems for alloying of constructional materials for mechanical engineering with management of their primary crystal structure, hardening mechanisms and resistance to fragile destruction are noted. The resource-saving method of direct surface alloying and modifying (using oxides) is developed. Industrial wastes and semi-products of adjacent processes are used as modifying additives. The metals reduction is made by atomic hydrogen and carbon from the special coverings of a casting mold and cores containing high-polymeric connections

    THE ALUMINIUM-COPPER-GRAPHITIC ALLOY, GOT AT MICROALLOYING BY FULLERENE C60 .

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    Positive influence of small additives of fullerene on structure formation of aluminium-copper graphite alloy is determined

    Methods of casting of composite aluminium alloys with graphite particles

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    The article describes the basic methods of casting of antifriction aluminium-graphite alloys and their peculiarities

    Hydrodynamics of liquid metal flow during alloy spraying

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    The article analyses melt hydrodinamics sprayed by centrifugal method. It may be useful for understanding computer controlled spray process
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