29 research outputs found
Electron-ion-plasma modification of the structure and properties of commercial steels
The work is devoted to the structural-phase analysis of steels of the austenitic and martensitic grade, irradiated with a high-intensity pulsed electron beam of the submillisecond duration of exposure in the mode of the surface layer melting. A thermodynamic analysis of phase transformations occurring during heat treatment in alloys of the composition Fe-Cr-C and Fe-Cr-Ni-C, which are the basis of steels 20X13 and 12X18H10T, is carried out. It is shown that formation of solid solutions on the basis of [alpha]-iron (BCC crystalline lattice) and [gamma]- iron (FCC crystalline lattice) as well as the entire range of carbide phases of a complex elemental composition (M[23]C[6], M[7]C[3] ΠΈ M[3]C, where symbol M refers to atoms of metallic elements Fe, Cr, and Ni) is possible in equilibrium conditions in given materials. The irradiation of steels 12X18H10T and 20X13 with a high-intensity pulsed electron beam of the submillisecond duration of exposure is carried out. It is shown that the electron-beam processing of steel in the melting mode and the subsequent rapid crystallization is accompanied by a significant transformation of the surface layer structure, consisting in complete dissolution of original carbide phase particles; in formation of dendritic crystallization cells of submicron sizes; in occurrence of martensitic [gamma]->[alpha] and [gamma]->[epsilon] transformation; in re-allocation of nanosized particles of carbide and intermetallic phases
ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ³ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²
New scientific data are presented considering chemical hardening of metal-containing wastes with organic contaminants (oily cast iron turnings, scale, and polishing sludge with oil content up to 10 mass%. If oils are oxidized and their components are simultaneously transformed into cleaner condition by baling (without high pressure), it is accompanied by formation of basic salts such as (MgOH)3PO4 or (MgOHAlO2 + (MgOH)2SiO3) at co-mixing of excessive amounts of clay (alkaline), lack of magnesite and the acidic medium. When iron contacts the acid, light acid film is decomposed, and a denser phosphate film is formed (phosphate), it promotes good adhesion and provides the required strength of bales. Introducing up to 30% of bales with metal-containing wastes with organic contaminants into charge of furnace according to the developed technology provides an increase up to 70% of the amount of pearlite in the metal base of iron while its dispersion is improving up to 1.4Pd -0.3Pd, and a significant amount of fine hardening phases is formed.ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ (Π·Π°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ³ΡΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΆΠΊΠ°, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π° Π΄ΠΎ 10 ΠΌΠ°Ρ. %) ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π» ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ), ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° (MgOH)3PO4 Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ (MgOHAlO2 + (MgOH)2SiO3) ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π³Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ (ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π°), Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½Π΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ (ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅), ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π°Π΄Π³Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ Π² Π·Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠ³ΡΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ 30 ΠΌΠ°Ρ.% ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ 70% ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠ³ΡΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΠ΄ 1,4 - ΠΠ΄ 0,3, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·
Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²
The developed results of production of foundry metal-containing materials from waste and semiprocessed products of related industries, the balling technology are presented. The technological characteristics of metals reduction, in particular, titanium from titanium-containing powdery materials are investigated. Titanium introduction into the melt with the direct alloying method provides saving of scarce and expensive ferroalloys. The modifying effect is achieved due to the chemical interaction of the additives with separate elements of the crystallizing substance. Unlike the familiar modification method of cast iron from ferrotitanium, when the modifying effect is due to deoxidizing action of titanium, in the course of direct alloying in the presence of such a strong reducing agent as atomic carbon, the carbide inclusions provide a decisive modifying effect.ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ², ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ², Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π°, ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π² ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. Π ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ³ΡΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π°, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ¨ΠΠΠ₯ ΠΠΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ₯ ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ₯
Some advanced methods for alloy composition regulation at negligible consumption of slag-forming additives are suggested. When implementing the proposed technology, the slag functions as a protector and electric conductor, and redox processes are determined by the magnitude and the applied potential function. Both cathodic and anodic polarization of aluminum alloys in alundum and graphite crucibles is studied with the curves polarization method. The behavior of components of aluminum alloys is studied under external cathodic and anodic effects of the melt with a constant electric field. During the cathode polarization there is a significant decrease of Mg loss in the aging process of the melt; on the contrary, anodic polarization increases the loss in comparison with the melting without external electrochemical action. The content of Fe and Ni under anodic polarity of the melt is not reduced if it is compared to the melting without electrochemical action due to passivation. The elements at the end of the electrochemical series are mostly protected. Thus, copper is wasted less under the cathodic and, especially, anodic polarization.Β ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΡΠ»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»Π°ΠΊ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°. Π‘ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ² Π² Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ³Π»ΡΡ
. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ³Π°ΡΠ° Mg Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π°, Π² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ β ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ, Π½Π°ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡ, ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ³Π°ΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π· Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ. Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Fe ΠΈ Ni ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π° Π½Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Π° Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π’Π°ΠΊ, ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ.
Aluminum surface layer strengthening using intense pulsedbeam radiation of substrate film system
The paper presents formation of the substrate film system (Zr-Ti-Cu/Al) by electric arc spraying of cathode having the appropriate composition. It is shown that the intense beam radiation of the substrate film system is accompanied by formation of the multi-phase state, the microhardness of which exceeds the one of pure A7 aluminum by = 4.5 times
Π€ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ
The study of surface morphology of a silicon target after laser exposure, the formation and study of nanoparticles, obtained by laser ablation by ultrashort infrared pulses, were conducted. The material was processed using a yttrium aluminum garnet laser (LS-2134D) with a wavelength of 1064 nm, generating in a two-pulse mode (pulses are separated by a time interval of 3 ΞΌs, pulse duration is 10 ns, pulse repetition rate is 10 Hz, single pulse energy ~ 0.05 J). Alcohol solutions of silicon nanoparticles were obtained by laser ablation. It is shown that an ensemble of particles of different sizes (from 20 nm to 2.5 ΞΌm) is formed, which have no faceting. Using the method of scanning electron microscopy, the features of the morphology of the surface of the crater of polycrystalline silicon, which is in ethyl alcohol during pulsed laser processing in the double pulse mode, have been established. It is shown that the structure of the crater consists of silicon grains separated from each other by grooves; the material evaporates along the grain boundaries, and wide thermal etching grooves are formed. These results can be used to create solar cells.ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π±Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π»Π°Π·Π΅Ρ Π½Π° Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΎΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΌ Π³ΡΠ°Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ (LS-2134D) Ρ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ 1064 Π½ΠΌ, Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π² Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ (ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΠΌ 3 ΠΌΠΊΡ, Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ² 10 Π½Ρ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ² 10 ΠΡ, ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ° ~ 0,05 ΠΠΆ). ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π±Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ±Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° (ΠΎΡ 20 Π½ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎ 2,5 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½- Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· Π·Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΡΡΠ³ ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π° ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π²ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌ Π·Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ- ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²
MULTIPURPOSE (WEARPROOF AND ANTIFRICTIONAL) COVERINGS ON PRODUCTS FROM CAST IRON
The basic elements of the new complex technologies providing effective receiving of the materials with the new level of properties are considered. Prospects of creation of new systems for alloying of constructional materials for mechanical engineering with management of their primary crystal structure, hardening mechanisms and resistance to fragile destruction are noted. The resource-saving method of direct surface alloying and modifying (using oxides) is developed. Industrial wastes and semi-products of adjacent processes are used as modifying additives. The metals reduction is made by atomic hydrogen and carbon from the special coverings of a casting mold and cores containing high-polymeric connections
THE ALUMINIUM-COPPER-GRAPHITIC ALLOY, GOT AT MICROALLOYING BY FULLERENE C60 .
Positive influence of small additives of fullerene on structure formation of aluminium-copper graphite alloy is determined
Methods of casting of composite aluminium alloys with graphite particles
The article describes the basic methods of casting of antifriction aluminium-graphite alloys and their peculiarities
Hydrodynamics of liquid metal flow during alloy spraying
The article analyses melt hydrodinamics sprayed by centrifugal method. It may be useful for understanding computer controlled spray process