Harmonics Mitigation in Cascaded Multilevel PV Inverters During Power Imbalance Between Cells

This paper presents a grid connected multilevel topology for photovoltaic (PV) systems. Usually, multilevel converters for PV application suffer from a distorted output current and voltage when the submodules are not subjected to an even solar irradiance. The difference in submodules irradiance results in different submodules duty cycles when maintaining the maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The distortion of the output current is proportional with the difference of the cells duty cycles. To this regard, a multilevel topology for PV applications is proposed along with a control and modulation strategy. In this proposed topology, H6 bridge-based cell is used instead of an H-bridge one. In case of solar irradiance mismatch, the proposed converter injects power with less voltage from the shaded cells without altering the PV voltage, and hence, the MPPT. This modification allows retaining a tantamount duty cycle in all cells whatever the meteorological conditions are present. To test the effectiveness of the proposed idea, a detailed simulation model was set up. The results show that the proposed concept provides a significantly improved output current quality compared to the cascaded H-bridge topology

A Low-Computational High-Performance Model Predictive Control of Single Phase Battery Assisted Quasi Z-Source PV Inverters

Impedance network inverters are a good alternative for voltage-source and current-source inverters. The shoot-through solution and the boosting capability of such converters make them an excellent solution for photovoltaic (PV) application. Furthermore, energy storage integration in these inverters does not require any additional components in the converter; indeed, a battery can be directly connected in parallel with one of the capacitors of the Z- or quasi Z-network. However, for an optimal control of these converters, complex control and modulation strategies are required. Model Predictive Control (MPC) provides high control performance at the expense of the computational effort. In this paper, a low computational control method where both MPC and proportional resonant (PR) controller are combined, is proposed. This makes the proposed controller perform two iterations only instead of iterating for all the available switching states. As shown in the obtained results, the proposed controller conserves the high performance of the conventional MPC with 50% less computational burden

Nonlinear adaptive controller design to stabilize constant power loads connected-DC microgrid using disturbance accommodation technique

The DC microgrid is comprised of a considerable number of electronically regulated power electronic loads that act as constant power loads (CPLs). These power electronic devices have a high bandwidth regulation capability as well as a high-power conversion efficiency. Specifically, the high bandwidth control for the output of the converter load, when paired with the system’s filtering components, results in negatively damped oscillations. These features, even if needed, may cause system instability and, finally, system failure if not avoided. To achieve effective power flow control in a DC microgrid, it is crucial to eliminate the undesired behaviour of the CPLs. The control objective requires the assessment of the power for uncertain loads, which vary with time. This paper proposes an adaptive controller linked to a cubature Kalman filter(CKF) for a DC microgrid with time-varying non-ideal CPLs. The controller utilises the neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS) to make the design adaptive. The CKF method is used to determine the instantaneous value of time-varying load power. The assessed power is afterward sent to an ANFIS-based controller, which aims to modify the energy storage systems (ESS) injected current adaptively. The suggested controller not only maintains overall stability when the CPLs vary significantly, but it has a rapid dynamic response and accurate tracking across a wide operating range as well. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive controller can improve the DC microgrid’s transient response while also increasing the stability margin

Power and Energy Management System of a Lunar Microgrid - Part II: Optimal Sizing and Operation of ISRU

Energy management systems (EMS) and autonomous power control (APC) for space microgrids (MGs) on the Moon need properly designed operating points and references to ensure the mission's safety. The oxygen and water requirements of the lunar base are supplied by the In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) from the lunar regolith. ISRU is one of the most power-demanding subsystems in the lunar base. This paper proposes an optimization methodology for sizing and optimal operation management of a photovoltaic (PV)-battery-based space microgrid (MG). By solving the optimization problem, the optimal size of the PV array and battery, as well as the PV power generation and battery charging/discharging profiles are determined. First, the ISRU power demand profile is presented considering the oxygen and water management systems of the lunar base. Then, the optimization algorithm is employed to minimize the PV and battery mass and the total unused PV power generation while maintaining the desired level of energy in the battery considering system constraints. It is observed that curtailing the excess PV power generation plays a crucial role in minimizing the battery size and mass, thereby reducing the cost of the space mission

Innovative Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems Control Based on Complex-Vector-Filter

The research presented in this paper explains how the complex-vector-filter (CVF) method can help in minimizing the current harmonic of a grid-tied photovoltaic system. In fact, the harmonic-free positive sequence (HFPS) load current is used to produce referential sinusoidal currents. This control stabilizes the grid’s currents under unbalanced load currents, as well as mitigates undesirable harmonic load currents, while feeding clean active power to the grid. Thanks to the proposed controller, the performance, such as robustness, as well as the stability and dynamics of the CVF are more effective compared to the proportional-integral (PI) with phase-locked-loop (PLL) controller. Moreover, the CVF ensures robustness and stability during the synchronization between the photovoltaic (PV) generator and the utility grid system. The PI&PLL control presents higher active and reactive power fluctuations during synchronization. On the other hand, the CVF ensures the elimination of the reactive power fluctuations during synchronization. The performance of the proposed CVF is validated by simulation through MATLAB software. Under all conditions, the grid current, considering harmonics, is within the limits set by the IEEE-519 power quality standard, where a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 1.56% was achieved in the case of feeding a non-linear load