Photoelectric, nonlinear optical, and photorefractive properties of polymer composites including carbon nanotubes and cyanine dyes

The effect of cyanine dye additives on the photoelectric, nonlinear optical, and photorefractive properties of polyvinyl carbazole composites based on closed single-walled carbon nanotubes has been investigated. It has been found that these characteristics are affected by the dye in which the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) lies below the level of the photoexcited nanotube. The addition of this dye to the composite leads to a 14-fold increase in the quantum efficiency of the generation of mobile charge carriers under irradiation by a laser (1064 nm) in the absorption region of the nanotubes. Moreover, the addition of the dye to the composite decreases the third-order susceptibility χ (3) , presumably, due to the opposite orientations of dipoles of the dye and the nanotube upon adsorption of the dye on the nanotube. The addition of the dye to the composite also provides a twofold increase in the two-beam photorefractive amplification factor of the laser beam with a wavelength of 1064 nm. The obtained values of the two-beam photorefractive amplification factor reach 120 cm -1 . \ua9 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Effect of cyanine dyes on photoelectric, nonlinear optical and photorefractive properties of composites based on carbon nanotubes

Analysis of photoelectrical, nonlinear optical, and photorefractive properties of composites PVK containing singlewalled carbon nanotubes shows that addition of visible range cyanine dye with high electron affinity into the composites provides considerable increase of quantum efficiency of the mobile charge carries generation at 1064 nm, but reduces the third order susceptibility. As a result, photorefractive gain coefficient Γ of object laser beam increases twofold and achieves after pre-illumination the value 120 cm-1

Scheme Choice and Inverse Kinematics of a Positioning System Based on a Planar Parallel Mechanism

Recent development of the parallel mechanisms theory has resulted in an increase of the actual machines, which are built using the conceptual schemes of such mechanisms. The advantages of parallel kinematics over conventional open-chain design, such as increased stiffness or lower inertia of moving parts, allow, in theory, higher performance rates in pick-and-place or machining applications. However, the practical usage of parallel mechanisms may be problematic due to their drawbacks, such as restricted workspace area and presence of singularities.The paper discusses a modification of the milling machine “Tetra” developed in “Modular Mechanics”, ltd. (BMSTU), which consists of two identical modules based on planar parallel kinematics mechanism. The loss of module stiffness in certain positions of the end-effector was noticed after experiments on the prototype, thus indicating the presence of singularities. Since this problem is a manifestation of fundamental properties of the chosen kinematic scheme, it was decided to change it.A scheme with three linear rails and three drives, as well as a scheme with a single rail and with four drives were considered as alternative options. The first option was discarded because it requires manufacturing a massive base plate. The second option was selected for future development. In this case, as compared to the previously known design, a configuration of the intermediate links was changed. The use of “lambda”-shaped elements makes it possible to distance the drive supports from the end-effector.For a chosen scheme an inverse kinematics problem was solved. Using constraints associated with the placement of all four drive supports on a single rail and stiffness requirements as well, a one single solution was selected among sixteen possible solutions.The further investigation will include a workspace and singularity analysis and an optimization of geometric parameters of the mechanism.</p