10 research outputs found
Prediction of first cardiovascular disease event in 2.9 million individuals using Danish administrative healthcare data:a nationwide, registry-based derivation and validation study
AIMS: The aim of this study was to derive and validate a risk prediction model with nationwide coverage to predict the individual and population-level risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS AND RESULTS: All 2.98 million Danish residents aged 30â85 years free of CVD were included on 1 January 2014 and followed through 31 December 2018 using nationwide administrative healthcare registries. Model predictors and outcome were pre-specified. Predictors were age, sex, education, use of antithrombotic, blood pressure-lowering, glucose-lowering, or lipid-lowering drugs, and a smoking proxy of smoking-cessation drug use or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Outcome was 5-year risk of first CVD event, a combination of ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, stroke, or cardiovascular death. Predictions were computed using cause-specific Cox regression models. The final model fitted in the full data was internally-externally validated in each Danish Region. The model was well-calibrated in all regions. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Brier scores ranged from 76.3% to 79.6% and 3.3 to 4.4. The model was superior to an age-sex benchmark model with differences in AUC and Brier scores ranging from 1.2% to 1.5% and â0.02 to â0.03. Average predicted risks in each Danish municipality ranged from 2.8% to 5.9%. Predicted risks for a 66-year old ranged from 2.6% to 25.3%. Personalized predicted risks across ages 30â85 were presented in an online calculator (https://hjerteforeningen.shinyapps.io/cvd-risk-manuscript/). CONCLUSION: A CVD risk prediction model based solely on nationwide administrative registry data provided accurate prediction of personal and population-level 5-year first CVD event risk in the Danish population. This may inform clinical and public health primary prevention efforts
Temporal trends in the initiation of dialysis among patients with heart failure with or without diabetes: a nationwide study from 2002 to 2016
Background
The incidence and distribution of acute and chronic dialysis among patients with heart failure (HF), stratified by diabetes, remain uncertain. We hypothesized that with improved survival and rising comorbidities, the demand for dialysis would increase over time.
Methods and Results
Patients with incident HF, aged 18 to 100âyears, between 2002 and 2016, were identified using Danish nationwide registers. Primary outcomes included acute and chronic dialysis initiation, HFârelated hospitalization, and allâcause mortality. These outcomes were assessed in 2002 to 2006, 2007 to 2011, and 2012 to 2016, stratified by diabetes. We calculated incidence rates (IRs) per 1000 personâyears and hazard ratios (HR) using multivariable Cox regression. Of 115â533 patients with HF, 2734 patients received acute dialysis and 1193 patients received chronic dialysis. The IR was 8.0 per 1000 and 3.5 per 1000 personâyears for acute and chronic dialysis, respectively. Acute dialysis rates increased significantly among patients with diabetes over time, while no significant changes occurred in those without diabetes, chronic dialysis, HFârelated hospitalization, or overall mortality. Diabetes was associated with significantly higher HRs of acute and chronic dialysis, respectively, compared with patients without diabetes (HR, 2.07 [95% CI, 1.80â2.39] and 2.93 [95% CI, 2.40â3.58] in 2002 to 2006; HR, 2.45 [95% CI, 2.14â2.80] and 2.86 [95% CI, 2.32â3.52] in 2007 to 2011; and 2.69 [95% CI, 2.33â3.10] and 3.30 [95% CI, 2.69â4.06] in 2012 to 2016).
Conclusions
The IR of acute and chronic dialysis remained low compared with HFârelated hospitalizations and mortality. Acute dialysis rates increased significantly over time, contrasting no significant trends in other outcomes. Diabetes exhibited over 2âfold increased rates of the outcomes. These findings emphasize the importance of continued monitoring and renal care in patients with HF, especially with diabetes, to optimize outcomes and prevent adverse events
Frailty, Treatments, and Outcomes in Older Patients With Myocardial Infarction: A Nationwide RegistryâBased Study
Background Guidelines recommend that patients with myocardial infarction (MI) receive equal care regardless of age. However, withholding treatment may be justified in elderly and frail patients. This study aimed to investigate trends in treatments and outcomes of older patients with MI according to frailty. Methods and Results All patients aged âĽ75âyears with firstâtime MI during 2002 to 2021 were identified through Danish nationwide registries. Frailty was categorized using the Hospital Frailty Risk Score. Oneâyear risk and hazard ratios (HRs) for days 0 to 28 and 29 to 365 were calculated for allâcause death. A total of 51â022 patients with MI were included (median, 82âyears; 50.2% women). Intermediate/high frailty increased from 26.7% in 2002 to 2006 to 37.1% in 2017 to 2021. Use of treatment increased substantially regardless of frailty: for example, 28.1% to 48.0% (statins), 21.8% to 33.7% (dual antiplatelet therapy), and 7.6% to 28.0% (percutaneous coronary intervention) for high frailty (all Pâtrend <0.001). Oneâyear death decreased for low frailty (35.1%â17.9%), intermediate frailty (49.8%â31.0%), and high frailty (62.8%â45.6%), all Pâtrend <0.001. Ageâ and sexâadjusted 29â to 365âday HRs (2017â2021 versus 2002â2006) were 0.53 (0.48â0.59), 0.62 (0.55â0.70), and 0.62 (0.46â0.83) for low, intermediate, and high frailty, respectively (Pâinteraction=0.23). When additionally adjusted for treatment, HRs attenuated to 0.74 (0.67â0.83), 0.83 (0.74â0.94), and 0.78 (0.58â1.05), respectively, indicating that increased use of treatment may account partially for the observed improvements. Conclusions Use of guidelineâbased treatments and outcomes improved concomitantly in older patients with MI, irrespective of frailty. These results indicate that guidelineâbased management of MI may be reasonable in the elderly and frail
Frailty and Recurrent Hospitalization After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Background For frail patients with limited life expectancy, time in hospital following transcatheter aortic valve replacement is an important measure of quality of life; however, data remain scarce. Thus, we aimed to investigate frailty and its relation to time in hospital during the first year after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Methods and Results From 2008 to 2020, all Danish patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement and were alive at discharge were included. Using the validated Hospital Frailty Risk Score, patients were categorized in the low, intermediate, and high frailty groups. Time in hospital and mortality up to 1âyear are reported according to frailty groups. In total, 3437 (57.6%), 2277 (38.1%), and 257 (4.3%) were categorized in the low, intermediate, and high frailty groups, respectively. Median age was â81âyears. Female sex and comorbidity burden were incrementally higher across frailty groups (low frailty: heart failure, 24.1%; stroke, 7.2%; and chronic kidney disease, 4.5%; versus high frailty: heart failure, 42.8%; stroke, 34.2%; and chronic kidney disease, 29.2%). In the low frailty group, 50.5% survived 1âyear without a hospital admission, 10.8% were hospitalized >15âdays, and 5.8% of patients died. By contrast, 26.1% of patients in the high frailty group survived 1âyear without a hospital admission, 26.4% were hospitalized >15âdays, and 15.6% died within 1âyear. Differences persisted in models adjusted for sex, age, frailty, and comorbidity burden (excluding overlapping comorbidities). Conclusions Among patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement, frailty is strongly associated with time in hospital and mortality. Prevention strategies for frail patients to reduce hospitalization burden could be beneficial