DG-JMCFIE-EFIE formulation for multi-material complex radiation problems

The versatility of the Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method [1, 2] to accurately deal with non-conformal meshes makes it a well-suited approach to address complex, multi-scale problems, greatly simplifying computer-aideddesign (CAD) generation and meshing processes. It also facilitates the implementation of domain decomposition (DD) approaches, improving iterative convergence for challenging realistic problems where small geometrical details are combined with large-scale smooth structures [1, 3]. This work presents the combination of the electric current (J) and magnetic current (M) combined field integral equation (JMCFIE) [4] and the electric field integral equation (EFIE) with the DG approach, for the electromagnetic analysis of homogeneous and piecewise homogeneous objects, including perfect electric conductor (PEC) surfaces and dielectric interfaces. With this formulation, the interfaces between different materials can be modeled independently, without the need to attend to any constraint in the multi-region junctions between them. Furthermore, because the JMCFIE includes both tangential and normal (or twisted) equations for the electric and magnetic fields, it leads to a well-posed matrix system. Properly applying the interior penalty term described in [1], the rather complex treatment at multi-material junctions can be avoided. A novelty of this formulation is that it can address nonconformal junctions using DG between interfaces concerning different regions with different materials, including the combination of PEC and dielectric junctions, where the imposition of normal continuity across the junction becomes particularly tedious and critical for accurate antenna analysis [5]. We will show the details of the proposed formulation and discuss its capability to solve various realistic antenna cases during the presentation, demonstrating the versatility of this approach in the application of DG techniques for the design of complex dielectric and metamaterial antennas

Genes regulated by estrogen in breast tumor cells in vitro are similarly regulated in vivo in tumor xenografts and human breast tumors

BACKGROUND: Estrogen plays a central role in breast cancer pathogenesis. Although many studies have characterized the estrogen regulation of genes using in vitro cell culture models by global mRNA expression profiling, it is not clear whether these genes are similarly regulated in vivo or how they might be coordinately expressed in primary human tumors. RESULTS: We generated DNA microarray-based gene expression profiles from three estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancer cell lines stimulated by 17β-estradiol (E2) in vitro over a time course, as well as from MCF-7 cells grown as xenografts in ovariectomized athymic nude mice with E2 supplementation and after its withdrawal. When the patterns of genes regulated by E2 in vitro were compared to those obtained from xenografts, we found a remarkable overlap (over 40%) of genes regulated by E2 in both contexts. These patterns were compared to those obtained from published clinical data sets. We show that, as a group, E2-regulated genes from our preclinical models were co-expressed with ERα in a panel of ERα+ breast tumor mRNA profiles, when corrections were made for patient age, as well as with progesterone receptor. Furthermore, the E2-regulated genes were significantly enriched for transcriptional targets of the myc oncogene and were found to be coordinately expressed with Myc in human tumors. CONCLUSION: Our results provide significant validation of a widely used in vitro model of estrogen signaling as being pathologically relevant to breast cancers in vivo

Skin lesions with perimenstrual exacerbation: a diagnosis challenge

La dermatitis herpetiforme (DH) es una dermatosis ampollosa autoinmune subepidérmica de curso crónico, considerada como la expresión cutánea de la intolerancia al gluten. Forma parte de un abanico de patologías que tienen en común la sensibilidad a este componente, aunque solo un bajo porcentaje de pacientes desarrollará un cuadro de enteropatía sensible al gluten con malabsorción clínica. Se manifiesta mediante una erupción papulovesicular pruriginosa de predominio en superficies de extensión y nalgas. El estudio inmunológico puede en algunos casos no ser específico, pero se considera patognomónico los depósitos granulares de IgA en la unión dermoepidérmica. El tratamiento se basa en la dieta estricta libre de gluten (DSG) y el uso adicional de dapsona para las manifestaciones cutáneas. Presentamos dos casos de pacientes con brotes de dermatitis polimorfa e inespecífica de años de evolución y predominio perimenstrual, que precisaron múltiples tratamientos y pruebas complementarias hasta la positividad y confirmación del diagnóstico de DH.Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an autoinmune subepidermal bullous dermatosis of chronic course, considered the cutaneous expression of gluten intolerance. It´s part of a range of pathologies that have in common the sensitivity to this component, but only a small percentage of patients develop gluten sensitive enteropathy with clinical malabsorption. The clinic is manifested by a predominantly papulovesicular rash pruritic, in extension surfaces and buttocks. Immuno-pathological study may not be specific in some cases, but it´s considered pathognomonic the presence of IgA granular deposits in the dermoepidermal junction. Treatment is based on strict gluten free diet (GFD) and the additional use of dapsone for cutaneous manifestations. We present two patients with polymorphous and unspecific dermatitis for years and perimenstrual outbreaks, which required multiple treatments and laboratory tests to confirm the diagnosis of DH

Emergence potential of sylvatic dengue virus type 4 in the urban transmission cycle is restrained by vaccination and homotypic immunity

Sylvatic dengue viruses (DENV) are both evolutionarily and ecologically distinct from human DENV and are maintained in an enzootic transmission cycle. Evidence of sylvatic human infections from West Africa and Southeast Asia suggests that sylvatic DENV come into regular contact with humans. Thus, this potential of emergence into the human transmission cycle could limit the potential for eradicating this cycle with vaccines currently in late stages of development. We assessed the likelihood of sylvatic DENV-4 emergence in the face of natural immunity to current human strains and vaccination with two DENV-4 vaccine candidates. Our data indicate homotypic neutralization of sylvatic and human DENV-4 strains by human primary convalescent and vaccinee sera but limited heterotypic immunity. These results suggest that emergence of sylvatic strains into the human cycle would be limited by homotypic immunity mediated by virus neutralizing antibodies produced by natural infection or vaccination

Emergence potential of sylvatic dengue virus type 4 in the urban transmission cycle is restrained by vaccination and homotypic immunity

Sylvatic dengue viruses (DENV) are both evolutionarily and ecologically distinct from human DENV and are maintained in an enzootic transmission cycle. Evidence of sylvatic human infections from West Africa and Southeast Asia suggests that sylvatic DENV come into regular contact with humans. Thus, this potential of emergence into the human transmission cycle could limit the potential for eradicating this cycle with vaccines currently in late stages of development. We assessed the likelihood of sylvatic DENV-4 emergence in the face of natural immunity to current human strains and vaccination with two DENV-4 vaccine candidates. Our data indicate homotypic neutralization of sylvatic and human DENV-4 strains by human primary convalescent and vaccinee sera but limited heterotypic immunity. These results suggest that emergence of sylvatic strains into the human cycle would be limited by homotypic immunity mediated by virus neutralizing antibodies produced by natural infection or vaccination

YSO jets in the Galactic Plane from UWISH2: V - Jets and Outflows in M17

Jets and outflows are the first signposts of stellar birth. Emission in the H2 1–0?S(1) line at 2.122-??m is a powerful tracer of shock excitation in these objects. Here we present the analysis of 2.0?×?0.8?deg2 data from the UK Wide-field Infrared Survey for H2 (UWISH2) in the ?1–0?S(1) line to identify and characterize the outflows of the M17 complex. We uncover 48 probable outflows, of which 93?per cent are new discoveries. We identified driving source candidates for 60?per cent of outflows. Among the driving source candidate young stellar objects (YSOs), 90?per cent are protostars and the remaining 10 per cent are Class?II YSOs. In comparison with results from other surveys, we suggest that H2 emission fades very quickly as the objects evolve from protostars to pre-main-sequence stars. We fit spectral energy distribution (SED) models to 14 candidate outflow-driving sources and conclude that the outflows of our sample are mostly driven by moderate-mass YSOs that are still actively accreting from their protoplanetary disc. We examined the spatial distribution of the outflows with the gas and dust distribution of the complex and observed that the filamentary dark cloud M17SWex, located on the south-western side of the complex, is associated with a greater number of outflows. We find that our results corroborate previous suggestions that, in the M17 complex, M17SWex is the most active site of star formation. Several of our newly identified outflow candidates are excellent targets for follow-up studies to understand better the very early phase of protostellar evolution

Influence of capping on the atomistic arrangement in palladium nanoparticles at room temperature

The role that protecting molecules have on the way that palladium atoms arrange themselves in nanoparticles prepared at room temperature was studied by the analysis of aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy images and atomistic Langevin dynamics simulations. It was found that the arrangement of Pd atoms is less ordered in thiolate-protected nanoparticles than in amine-protected ones. The experimental and theoretical data showed that the disorder in ∼3 nm thiolate-protected particles is promoted by the strong S-Pd bond in the sulfide layer that surrounds the nanoparticles

Amortiguadores regenerativos para sistemas de suspensión automotriz: Una revisión

En este trabajo se presenta una revisión exhaustiva de los diferentes tipos de amortiguadores regenerativos utilizados para mejorar la reducción del consumo de combustible y de las emisiones contaminantes (principalmente el CO2) en vehículos comerciales. En primera instancia, se describe la interacción entre el tren motriz y el sistema de suspensión automotriz, incluyendo los ciclos de velocidad de conducción como el enlace principal. Posteriormente, se presenta un esquema gráfico del proceso de regeneración de energía vibratoria mediante amortiguadores regenerativos, considerando el sistema de almacenamiento de energía. Además, se discuten los avances tecnológicos recientes de los diferentes tipos de amortiguadores regenerativos, sopesando principalmente la filosofía de diseño del mecanismo de rectificación de energía vibratoria. Finalmente, se presentan las conclusiones y tendencias futuras sobre las aplicaciones de estos dispositivos en diferentes disciplinas de la ingeniería