Development of an insurance industry image assessment index

The article discusses the results of the study of consumer attitudes towards the insurance sector in the Russian Federation. A low level of financial literacy, cases of fraud by insurers lead to the formation of a negative image of the insurance industry, even if the respondents have a positive experience of using insurance products. In world practice the relationship between reputation management of companies and their financial condition has been proven, however, a quantitative assessment of the insurance sector image has been not carried out earlier. The article offers a methodology for assessing the insurance sector image? using the author’s index, and provides an example of its calculation based on the Russian insurance market. The developed indicator will allows to objectively assess the dynamics of consumer attitudes to insurance, and to conduct a cross-country comparison of the indicator

Prospects for digital transformation of the monetary systems

The active digitalization of financial markets generates new types of digital financial assets, and also raises questions about prospects of the national monetary systems development, taking into account the emerging digital financial instruments. The authors present the results of a study conducted via interviewing respondents about their attitude to cryptocurrencies, about the likelihood of cashless economies, and about the impact of economy digitalization on changing people’s lives. Current scientific studies show that a significant part of authors is inclined to believe that current digitalization trends will lead to the complete disappearance of cash, including cryptocurrencies will play an important role in this process. Low financial literacy, possible failures in electronic payment systems, the difficulty of adaptation for certain groups of the population are the reasons that delay the transition to cashless economies. However, a significant number of advantages that digital assets provide for the development of the economy, and the positive attitude of society to the changes taking place in the process of digital transformation, contribute to a further change in the monetary system

The Effect of the Russian Subnational Debt on the Socio-economic Development of the Region

The actual problem currently in Russia is the high degree of differentiation level of socio-economic development of constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The specified uneven development is a significant problem, requiring prudent and gradual approach. An important point is to determine the optimal size and form of regional borrowing, contributing to the socio-economic development of the region. This article examines the structure of the borrowing regions. Many regions have a significant amount of borrowing in the form of budget loans. Outlines the problem caused by the miscalculations of the regional authorities when conducting its own financial policy, and a more global objective reasons, which are a consequence of the current crisis situation in economy of the Russian Federation and the disparity of economic development. The basis for the paper is drawn from actual official data describing the state of the market of regional and municipal borrowing. Used methods of system analysis, comparison and clustering.The result is proved in the article that on the one hand the issue of securities does not stimulate socio-economic development of the region, on the other hand in the current situation, the desired reduction provide budget loans should pay attention of regions in the possible form of borrowing. With the improvement of the situation on the debt market regions will be stimulated to ensure that the overwhelming proportion of their debt would be the consequence of market borrowings, primarily in the form of securities.The article presents a comparison of different forms of regional borrowing and identified deficiencies inherent in different types of borrowing. It is concluded that a bank loan is the most popular form of market borrowing, as it has in relation to issuance of bonds less amount of disadvantages. According to the authors, for the development of the bonded form of the borrowing of regions should consider the infrastructure of the state support

Rating Agencies in Russia and their Influence on Subfederal Borrowing

In Russia, the topical issue today is the high volume of obligations of regions against the federal budget. These liabilities have been caused by the current crisis in the Russian economy as well as by the disproportionate economic development, and this issue requires an adequate solution. It is planned that later on the regions will develop market borrowings first of all in form of securities. This article analyzes the infrastructural component of the market of subfederal and municipal borrowings - rating agencies in Russia. The article is based on the actual official data characterizing the current state of the market of regional and municipal borrowings, data from credit rating agencies were used as well. There were used systems analysis method, comparative approach, and clustering method. The article results in the conclusion that ratings of the international agencies are not always unbiased politically, not economically, which negatively affects the development of the debt market as a whole and the market of subfederal and municipal bonds, in particular. The development of the Russian credit rating agencies has a number of advantages and will contribute to the development of the indicated market in the future

Summary of updates to the 2021 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure

The article provides a summary of the 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure (CHF). The most significant changes for general practitioners, internists and primary care cardiologists, from our point of view, regards etiology, terminology, as well as algorithms for diagnosing and treating CHF in accordance with phenotypes, new indications to a number of drugs, in particular sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (dapagliflozin and empagliflozin) with assignment of class I recommended therapy and vericiguat. The article discusses the diagnostic criteria for different heart failure phenotypes, the potential of treating patients with heart failure mildly reduced and preserved ejection fraction

External Respiratory Function Changes in Liver Cirrhosis with Different Types of Portal Blood Flow

Purpose: To establish the dependence of some leading indicators spirogram on the type of portal blood flow (PBF) in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC).Materials and Methods: Leading indicators of pulmonary ventilation and the most significant parameters were determined from the PC CPU 161 patients (94 men and 67 women aged from 30 to 70 years).Results: The average values of at different PBF were generally reducedcompared with the control group, and revealed statistically significant differences for VC, FVC and MOS50, MOS25 that reflect bronchial patency in the bronchi of medium and small caliber.Summary: The state of pulmonary ventilation in patients with LC is associated with the types of PBF, reflecting the nature of the restructuring of hepatic portalhemodynamics

Typology of risks of territories of advanced development

The article deals with the one of the most difficult aspects of the implementation of public-private partnership (PPP) - risk management. That partnership is the answer to the solution of problems with the choice of an effective way of development of transport, social, communal and other infrastructure. The practice of using PPP forms is gaining popularity in the territory of Russia. The authors considers the matters of the Russian economy improvement by readjustment the existing risk management paradigm of a PPP. An integral part of highly professional risk management is the definition of management objects in the economic sphere. A number of controversial issues related to classifications of risks of PPP is raised in the article. Since the domestic theory has not yet solved the problem of clear and comprehensive risk identification in the implementation of projects based on PPP, it is necessary to develop such a classification is now becoming particularly relevant. Various available points of view on this issue are analyzed. The authors propose their position on the classification of risks for the territories of advanced development proceeding from the environment of their origin. The developed classification will help stimulate the PPP market from a practical point of view in different sectors. The modern advantages of using advanced development territories in the Russian Federation and recommended them as an organizational model of PPP are revealed. It should be noted that to date there is no single system of documents for the development of regional infrastructure, which causes a lot of uncertainties in the course of making a decision on this transaction

Assessment of the risks of changes in brachiocephalic vessels according to ultrasound examination of patients with obstructive sleep apnea

Introduction. In the medical literature, there is not enough work on the impact of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on the development of atherosclerosis of the brachiocephalic arteries and venous dysgemenia. For the purpose of early diagnosis of vascular complications, further study of extracranial vessels in patients with OSA is necessary.Aim. To study the chances of changes in brachiocephalic vessels by ultrasound examination in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.Materials and methods. A survey was carried out of 88 patients. The results of anthropompetry, polysomnography and ultrasound examination of brachiocephalic vessels were evaluated.Results and discussion. New data were obtained on the severity of macroangiopathy, an increase in the peak systolic blood flow velocity in the internal jugular veins, and an increase in the diameters of the vertebral veins in patients with sleep apnea. It was also found that in patients with OSA, the chances of having a wide diameter of the common carotid artery (CCA) on both sides and the internal carotid artery on the left are more than 3 times higher, the probability of thickening of the intima-media complex in the area of the CCA and its bifurcation is more than on the left 3.5 times and the chances of macroangiopathy are 3 times higher in comparison with the examined patients without apnea.Conclusion. Timely assessment of the entire spectrum of pathological changes in the brachiocephalic vessels in patients with OSA will make it possible to diagnose early signs of atherosclerotic lesions of the arteries, venous dysfunction at the extracranial level

Heart failure and atrial fibrillation: updates and perspectives

The article discusses modern approaches and features of management, as well as predicting the risk of complications in patients with cardiac arrhythmias, in particular, atrial fibrillation, and the potential of using conservative and interventional treatment methods for heart failure (HF), taking into account updates and achievements in clinical practice. Epidemiological data, algorithms for managing patients with HF and atrial fibrillation, prevention of thromboembolic events, results of studies comparing the effectiveness of different strategies for atrial fibrillation treatment, catheter ablation compared with drug therapy in patients with HF are presented