Late Cytomegalovirus Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients after a Six-Month Prevention Protocol

BACKGROUND: Despite a reduction in the incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections after kidney transplantation, less is known about late CMV infection in kidney transplant recipients. OBJECTIVE: To assess incidence of CMV infection in a cohort of patients under a high surveillance CMV prevention protocol and identify factors associated with late CMV infection. METHODS: Analysis of a consecutive cohort of 181 kidney allograft recipients between January 2012 and Aug 2015. CMV prevention-protocol consisted of 6-month universal prophylaxis and pre-emptive therapy for high-risk group (D+/R- or patients submitted to lymphocyte-depleting agent for induction or rejection treatment) and pre-emptive therapy for standard-risk group (D±/R+). Stopping valganciclovir was followed by CMV screening in the next two appointments. RESULTS: CMV infection was identified in 73 of 181 patients; the rate in high-risk group and standard-risk group was similar (p=0.443). However, in the latter group, the infection occurred mostly in the first 6 months. Late CMV infection occurred in 25 of 181 patients (5 of standard-risk group and 20 of high-risk group), after a median (IQR) of 253 (230.3-312.3) days after transplantation and 55 (41-89.5) days after the protocol period. Screening for CMV after valganciclovir discontinuation revealed 56% of late CMV infections. In high-risk group, D+/R- was associated with late CMV infection (HR 2.7, p=0.039) and in standard-risk group; lower age was associated with late CMV infection (HR 0.89, p=0.02). CONCLUSION: The incidence of CMV infection was similar to that reported in the literature. In high-risk patients, antigenemia surveillance during prophylaxis did not appear to reduce late CMV infections. Antigenemia screening after valganciclovir had limited results in the diagnosis of late CMV infection. D+/R- was associated to late CMV infection in high-risk group. Lower age appeared to influence late CMV infection in standard-risk group.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Human colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 cell: electrochemistry and nicotine stimulation

Recently, it was demonstrated that colorectal cancer HT-29 cells can secrete epinephrine (adrenaline) in an autocrine manner to auto-stimulate cellular growth by adrenoreceptors activation, and that this secretion is enhanced by nicotine, showing an indirect relation between colorectal cancer and tobacco. The electrochemical behaviour of human colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells from a colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, the hormone and neurotransmitter epinephrine, and nicotine, were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, using indium tin oxide (ITO), glassy carbon (GC) and screen printed carbon (SPC) electrodes. The oxidation of the HT-29 cells, previously grown onto ITO or SPC surfaces, followed an irreversible oxidation process that involved the formation of a main oxidation product that undergoes irreversible reduction, as in the epinephrine oxidation mechanism. The effect of nicotine stimulation of the HT-29 cells was also investigated. Nicotine, at different concentration levels 1, 2 and 15 mM, was introduced in the culture medium and an increase with incubation time, 0 to 3 h and 30 min, of the HT-29 cells oxidation and reduction peaks was observed. The interaction of nicotine with the HT-29 cells stimulated the epinephrine secretion causing an increase in epinephrine release concentration, and enabling the conclusion that epinephrine and nicotine play an important role in the colorectal tumour growth

Nocturnal Blood Pressure Dipping in Acute Ischemic Stroke

OBJECTIVES: We aim to assess the impact of early nocturnal blood pressure (BP) variation in the functional outcome of patients after an acute ischemic stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included consecutive stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVrtPA) in a tertiary stroke center. BP measurements were performed at regular intervals throughout day and night during the first 48 h after stroke onset, and subjects were divided into four dipping categories (extreme dippers, dippers, non-dippers, and reverse dippers). Recanalization was assessed by transcranial color-coded Doppler and/or angiographic CT. Hemorrhagic transformation was evaluated at 24 h follow-up CT scan. Functional outcome was evaluated at 3 months after stroke using the modified Rankin Scale. RESULTS: A total of 304 patients were included, mean age 72.80 ± 11.10 years. After 24 h of systolic BP monitoring, 30.59% were classified as reverse dippers, 39.14% as non-dippers, 19.10% as dippers, and 11.18% as extreme dippers. Multivariate analysis did not show an independent association of any dipping class with 3-month functional outcome. Hemorrhagic transformation was not uniform between dipping classes: 25.81% for reverse dippers, 14.29% for non-dippers, 15.52% for dippers, and 5.88% for extreme dippers, P = 0.033. CONCLUSIONS: Nocturnal BP dipping pattern is not associated with functional outcome at 3 months in acute stroke patients treated with IVrtPA. Hemorrhagic transformation was more frequent in reverse dippers.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Corrigendum to "European contribution to the study of ROS:A summary of the findings and prospects for the future from the COST action BM1203 (EU-ROS)" [Redox Biol. 13 (2017) 94-162]

The European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) provides an ideal framework to establish multi-disciplinary research networks. COST Action BM1203 (EU-ROS) represents a consortium of researchers from different disciplines who are dedicated to providing new insights and tools for better understanding redox biology and medicine and, in the long run, to finding new therapeutic strategies to target dysregulated redox processes in various diseases. This report highlights the major achievements of EU-ROS as well as research updates and new perspectives arising from its members. The EU-ROS consortium comprised more than 140 active members who worked together for four years on the topics briefly described below. The formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) is an established hallmark of our aerobic environment and metabolism but RONS also act as messengers via redox regulation of essential cellular processes. The fact that many diseases have been found to be associated with oxidative stress established the theory of oxidative stress as a trigger of diseases that can be corrected by antioxidant therapy. However, while experimental studies support this thesis, clinical studies still generate controversial results, due to complex pathophysiology of oxidative stress in humans. For future improvement of antioxidant therapy and better understanding of redox-associated disease progression detailed knowledge on the sources and targets of RONS formation and discrimination of their detrimental or beneficial roles is required. In order to advance this important area of biology and medicine, highly synergistic approaches combining a variety of diverse and contrasting disciplines are needed

Recovery of dialysis patients with COVID-19 : health outcomes 3 months after diagnosis in ERACODA

Background. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related short-term mortality is high in dialysis patients, but longer-term outcomes are largely unknown. We therefore assessed patient recovery in a large cohort of dialysis patients 3 months after their COVID-19 diagnosis. Methods. We analyzed data on dialysis patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from 1 February 2020 to 31 March 2021 from the European Renal Association COVID-19 Database (ERACODA). The outcomes studied were patient survival, residence and functional and mental health status (estimated by their treating physician) 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis. Complete follow-up data were available for 854 surviving patients. Patient characteristics associated with recovery were analyzed using logistic regression. Results. In 2449 hemodialysis patients (mean ± SD age 67.5 ± 14.4 years, 62% male), survival probabilities at 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis were 90% for nonhospitalized patients (n = 1087), 73% for patients admitted to the hospital but not to an intensive care unit (ICU) (n = 1165) and 40% for those admitted to an ICU (n = 197). Patient survival hardly decreased between 28 days and 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis. At 3 months, 87% functioned at their pre-existent functional and 94% at their pre-existent mental level. Only few of the surviving patients were still admitted to the hospital (0.8-6.3%) or a nursing home (∼5%). A higher age and frailty score at presentation and ICU admission were associated with worse functional outcome. Conclusions. Mortality between 28 days and 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis was low and the majority of patients who survived COVID-19 recovered to their pre-existent functional and mental health level at 3 months after diagnosis

An overview of NMR-based metabolomics to identify secondary plant compounds involved in host plant resistance

Secondary metabolites provide a potential source for the generation of host plant resistance and development of biopesticides. This is especially important in view of the rapid and vast spread of agricultural and horticultural pests worldwide. Multiple pests control tactics in the framework of an integrated pest management (IPM) programme are necessary. One important strategy of IPM is the use of chemical host plant resistance. Up to now the study of chemical host plant resistance has, for technical reasons, been restricted to the identification of single compounds applying specific chemical analyses adapted to the compound in question. In biological processes however, usually more than one compound is involved. Metabolomics allows the simultaneous detection of a wide range of compounds, providing an immediate image of the metabolome of a plant. One of the most universally used metabolomic approaches comprises nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). It has been NMR which has been applied as a proof of principle to show that metabolomics can constitute a major advancement in the study of host plant resistance. Here we give an overview on the application of NMR to identify candidate compounds for host plant resistance. We focus on host plant resistance to western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) which has been used as a model for different plant species

Mitochondrial respiratory states and rate

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to human health expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminologyconcerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. Thechemiosmotic theoryestablishes the mechanism of energy transformationandcoupling in oxidative phosphorylation. Theunifying concept of the protonmotive force providestheframeworkfordeveloping a consistent theoretical foundation ofmitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics.We followguidelines of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC)onterminology inphysical chemistry, extended by considerationsofopen systems and thermodynamicsof irreversible processes.Theconcept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and alignsconcepts and symbols withthe nomenclature of classicalbioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view ofmitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes.Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimatelycontribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thussupport the development of databases of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells.Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Hypomagnesemia: a Potential Underlooked Cause of Persistent Vitamin D Deficiency in Chronic Kidney Disease

Magnesium and vitamin D play important roles in most cells of the body. These nutrients act in a coordinated fashion to maintain physiologic functions of various organs, and their abnormal balance could adversely affect these functions. Therefore, deficient states of both nutrients may lead to several chronic medical conditions and increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have altered metabolism of both magnesium and vitamin D. Some studies indicate that magnesium could have a role in the synthesis and metabolism of vitamin D, and that magnesium supplementation substantially reversed the resistance to vitamin D treatment in some clinical situations. Recent observational studies also found that magnesium intake significantly interacted with vitamin D status and, particularly with the risk of cardiovascular mortality. It is therefore essential to ensure adequate levels of magnesium to obtain the optimal benefits of vitamin D supplementation in CKD patients. In this review, we discuss magnesium physiology, magnesium and vitamin D metabolism in CKD, potential metabolic interactions between magnesium and vitamin D and its clinical relevance, as well as the possible role of magnesium supplementation to assure adequate vitamin D levels.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio