The impact of shifting cultivation in the forestry ecosystems of timor-leste

Every year thousands of hectares of forest are destructed as a result of the practice of swidden agriculture, shifting cultivation or "slush and burn" causing changes in forest ecosystems. In Timor- Leste shifting cultivation is still practiced nowadays as a form of subsistence agriculture. Swidden agriculture is characterized by slash and burn clearing, by a rotation of fields rather than of crops, and by short periods of cropping (1-3 years) alternating with long fallow periods. Based on the characterization of shifting cultivation in two Sucos of Bobonaro district, a reflection is made on the impact of this practice in the sustainable development of forest ecosystems of Timor- Leste. Primary data collection was performed using a questionnaire survey of farmers practicing shifting cultivation. The questionnaire characterized shifting cultivation, and asked farmers’ opinion on slash and burning of forest areas and on the importance of forests. According to the results obtained, in most situations the existing vegetation before the slash was composed of dense forest, the slash is made by the family group, the majority of farmers have been doing the “slush and burn” for more than ten years and the size of the plots where slash is made is less than 2 hectares. The materials resulting from the slash are used for firewood, building materials and fencing. The burning of vegetable residues is done before planting and soil preparation and sowing is done with a lever. Land and forest, despite having an individual use, have a tenure regime of ownership and access in which its nature of common pool good prevails. Every year thousands of hectares of forest are destructed as a result of the practice of swidden agriculture, shifting cultivation or "slush and burn" causing changes in forest ecosystems. In Timor-Leste shifting cultivation is still practiced nowadays as a form of subsistence agriculture

Presentation: Alcohol: from public health to psychiatric comorbidity

UNIFESP Departamento de PsiquiatriaUnidade de Pesquisa em Álcool e DrogasUNIFESP, Depto. de PsiquiatriaSciEL

Monitorar o futuro: a próxima geração de estudos populacionais sobre álcool e drogas no Brasil

Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de PsiquiatriaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de PsiquiatriaSciEL

Os critérios de avaliação da pós-graduação em psiquiatria pela Capes

Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de PsiquiatriaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de PsiquiatriaSciEL

#ClimateCriminals: Discursive constructions of climate change prior to and during Black Summer

This item is only available electronically.The 2019-20 Australian bushfire season, colloquially termed Black Summer, was the most catastrophic bushfire season in Australian history. While 33 people and over one billion animals died, and 17 million hectares of land burned, it was climate change that dominated public discourse. Numerous studies have examined the role of extreme weather events in shaping the public’s climate change perceptions yet scant few have taken a discursive approach. This study attempted to address this paucity by collecting, analysing, and comparing Australian Tweets posted before and during Black Summer. Using the statistical analysis program R and its package Rtweet (Kearney, 2019), 2,181 Tweets were collected within the time period of 25th-31st August 2019 and 16,184 Tweets were collected within the time period of 5th-11th January 2020. A framework analysis was conducted to compare the key climate change frames present in the discourse across both time periods. This revealed a sharp increase in political and media and ideology frames during Black Summer, and driving these increases were themes of blame and accountability. A discursive psychological approach was employed to explore the way these themes were constructed by the public across political, media, and individual spheres. It was found that the public consistently directed blame at individual actors such as Prime Minister Scott Morrison, while also managing a discursive repertoire which focused on the ideological forces behind climate change inaction. This study broadens the understanding of how the public make sense of climate change in regard to a catastrophic extreme weather event.Thesis (B.PsychSc(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 202

The ‘loneliness pandemic’: implications for gerontological nursing

The COVID-19 pandemic compelled states to limit free movement, in order to protect at-risk and more vulnerable groups, particularly older adults. Due to old age or debilitating chronic diseases, this group is also more vulnerable to loneliness (perceived discrepancy between actual and desired social relationships) and social isolation (feeling that one does not belong to society). This forced isolation has negative consequences for the health of older people, particularly their mental health. This is an especially challenging time for gerontological nursing, but it is also an opportunity for professionals to combat age stereotypes reinforced with COVID-19, to urge the measurement of loneliness and social isolation, and to rethink how to further adjust interventions in times of crisis, such as considering technology-mediated interventions in these uncertain times.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

The article by GREA-USP do not declare conflicts of interest

Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Unidade de Pesquisa em Álcool e DrogasUNIFESP, Unidade de Pesquisa em Álcool e DrogasSciEL

In vivo identification of neural stem cells in the enteric nervous system

The enteric nervous system (ENS) in vertebrates is derived from neural crest cells which emerge during embryogenesis from the hindbrain and, following stereotypical migratory pathways, colonize the entire gastrointestinal tract. Assembly of enteric ganglia and formation of functional neuronal circuits throughout the gut depends on the highly regulated differentiation of enteric neural crest stem cells (eNCSCs) into a plethora of neuronal subtypes and glia. The identification of eNCSCs and the lineages they generate is fundamental to understand ENS organogenesis. However, the study of the properties of eNCSCs has been hindered by the lack of specific markers and genetic tools to efficiently identify and follow these cells in vivo. Although previous in vitro studies have suggested that Sox10-expressing cells of the mammalian gut generate both enteric neurons and glia, the differentiation potential of these Sox10+ cells in vivo is currently unclear. Here, we have developed a genetic marking system which allows us to identify Sox10+ cells and follow their fate in vivo. Using this system we demonstrate that Sox10+ cells of the gut generate both enteric neurons and glia in vivo, thus representing multilineage ENS progenitors. To examine whether the neurogenic potential of Sox10+ eNCSCs is temporally regulated over the course of gut organogenesis, we generated additional transgenic mouse lines expressing a tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase (iCreERT2) under the control of the Sox10 locus (Sox10iCreERT2). Activation of iCreERT2 in Sox10iCreERT2 transgenic mice at specific developmental stages and analysis of enteric ganglia from adult animals showed that the pool of Sox10+ cells progressively lose their neurogenic potential. These findings raise the question of the origin of multilineage ENS progenitors isolated from cultures of post-neurogenic gut. By combining genetic fate mapping in mice, cultures of enteric ganglia and an ENS injury model, we demonstrate that glial cells in the adult ENS retain neurogenic potential which can be activated both in vitro and in vivo, in response to injury. The signals that lead Sox10+ progenitor cells to become either neurons or glial cells remain unclear. We hypothesized that the receptor tyrosine kinase RET may be part of the molecular fate switch between the two lineages being able to divert differentiation of eNCSCs away from the glial lineage and towards the neuronal fate. Here, we describe a genetic strategy to attain persistent expression of RET in vivo, in a temporally and spatially controlled manner. Such a strategy will allow us to assess the role of RET in ENS differentiation during development. Taken together, our data provide a framework for exploring the molecular mechanisms that control enteric neurogenesis in vivo and identify glial cells as a potential target for cell replacement therapies in cases associated with congenital absence or acquired loss of enteric neurons

A commentary on Manzano‐Bort et al. (2021) ‘Experience of mental health nurses regarding mechanical restraint in patients with psychomotor agitation: A qualitative study’

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio