Modular MT with a learned bilingual dictionary: rapid deployment

The MT system described in this paper combines hand-built analysis and generation components with automatically learned example-based transfer patterns. Up to now, the transfer component used a traditional bilingual dictionary to seed the transfer pattern learning process and to provide fallback translations at runtime. This paper describes an improvement to the system by which the bilingual dictionary used for these purposes is instead learned automatically from aligned bilingual corpora, making the system's transfer knowledge entirely derivable from corpora. We show that this system with a fully automated transfer process performs better than the system with a hand-crafted bilingual dictionary

in: LDV-Forum, GLDV-Journal for Computational Linguistics and

Most text displays an internal coherence structure, which can be analyzed as a tree structure of relations that hold between short segments of text. We present a machinelearning governed approach to such an analysis in the framework of Rhetorical Structure Theory. Our rhetorical analyzer observes a variety of textual properties, such as cue phrases, part-of-speech information, rhetorical context and lexical chaining. A two-stage parsing algorithm uses local and global optimization to find an analysis. Decisions during parsing are driven by an ensemble of support vector classifiers. This training method allows for a non-linear separation of samples with many relevant features. We define a chain of annotation tools that profits from a new underspecified representation of rhetorical structure. Classifiers are trained on a newly introduced German language corpus, as well as on a large English one. We present evaluation data for the recognition of rhetorical relations

Bulletin of the New England Modern Language Association.

Description based on: Vol. 4, no. 1 (May, 1914); title from cover.Mode of access: Internet

The communicative affordances of hashtags: the case of the humoristic uses of #jesuis

In January 2015, the attack on the French satiric magazine Charlie Hebdo headquarters in Paris caused a lot of reactions on social media, including the appearance of the hashtag #jesuischarlie in order to express support and alignment with the victims. From then on, the stem #jesuis has been productive e.g. #jesuisparis after the November 2015 Paris attacks, but has also evolved into humoristic uses. In these, humor has an adversarial function (Veale et al. 2006): they ridicule the conveyed political or emotional load, underlining among others the superficiality of the massive social media protest (Kuipers 2002) and/or intentionally pushing the boundaries of the taboo of violent death. This poster will address from a linguistic-discursive perspective the hashtag #jesuis and its variants, specifically those used for humoristic purposes, with the aim of placing this strategy among other functions of hashtags (Zappavigna 2015). Our analysis will be based on a database of tweets from 2015-2016 containing #jesuis. The hashtag is not only produced in French tweets, which is another proof of the creativity of its use. We will focus particularly on the evolution of hashtags that were initially supportive, such as #jesuischien ‘Iamdog’ (concerning the death of a police-dog), to the ridiculing by means of the playful breaking of the taboo of death, through hashtags such as #jesuiscafard ‘Iamcockroach’, #jesuisfourmi ‘Iamant’. The latter use a parallel syntactic structure (Davies 1984), but refer to animals that are lower in the taxonomy, in terms of emotional connection, therefore questioning the pertinence of mourning. With this study, we wish to explore the communicative affordances of hashtags in social media, which encourage their users to rapidly express themselves on sensitive societal topics, such as terrorism. References Davies, Catherine E. (1984). Joint joking. Improvisational humorous episodes in conversation. In Brugman, Claudia et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the 10th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. Berkeley: University of Berkeley Press, 360–371. Kuipers, Giselinde (2002). Media culture and Internet disaster jokes: bin Laden and the attack on the World Trade Center. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 5(4), 450-470. Veale, Tony; Feyaerts, Kurt; Brône, Geert (2006). The Cognitive Mechanisms of Adversarial Humor. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 19(3), 305-339. Zappavigna, Michele. (2015). Searchable talk: the linguistic functions of hashtags. Social Semiotics, Vol. 25 (3), 274-291

A German grammar : a companion to Dr. Ahn's German method /

Mode of access: Internet