Investigation of Effective factors on reinforcement of Entrepreneurship Moral of agricultural production cooperativs members in Amol Township

Undoubtedly،the process of economic development in developing countries،reflects that the economy has afected entrepreneurship.When the entrepreneur is applied to the cooperatives ،it can be hoped that whit cooperatives benefiting from factors such as creativity and innovation،identify the opportunities and risks can in the business environment have created good position.Therefore،the main objective of this study is to investigate of effective factors on entreprenurship morale reinforcement of agricultural production cooperative members in Amol township in 2011-2012.The statistical population included 2029 members of agriculture prodution cooperatives.The sample size was determined 234 using Cochran،s formula. Finally 219 questionnaires were completed through stratified random sampling technique.Research methodology  was a combination of descriptive-analysis the data،SPSS 15 was used. In order to investigate the reliability of research questionnaire،25 agricultural production cooperatives members in Babol were randomly selected that Cronbach،s alpha and ordinal theta were calculated 0.88 and 0.89 respectivety.results of Kendall،s tau correlation coefficient indicate that between paycholigical-personality، socio-culturalفeconomical،educational and reinforcement of entrepreneurship moral is a positive and significant relationship at the one percent level.Also،about 31.6 percent of entrepreneurship morale reinforcement variance was determined  through factors of economical،educational،psychological-personality،institutional

Context-realistic virtual reality-based training simulators for asphalt operations

Asphalt operations are equipment-intensive, highly-coordinated, and context-sensitive. To ensure high-quality asphalt, operators need to be mindful of, among others, the degree of compaction required/achieved, temperature of the asphalt mixture, its cooling rate, other equipment, and the supply logistics. However, the current training program for the operators of asphalt equipment is inadequate because (1) the training heavily depends on the use of actual equipment for the training and because of the cost/safety risks involved in using actual equipment, novice trainees do not get enough opportunity to develop the required skills; and (2) given the sensitivity of the asphalt operations to the environment, the type of the asphalt mixture, logistics, etc., it is very difficult to allow trainees become sensitized to all the influential parameters in a limited time provided for the practical training. In recent years, Virtual Reality (VR) based training simulators are employed to help train operators in a safe environment. However, scenarios used in the construction simulators are mostly hypothetical. The context of operation in these scenarios is static and devoid of dynamism common in a construction site. This is a major oversight, particularly in highly-collaborative asphalt operations. Therefore, it seems crucial to better represent the actual work context in the training simulators. Given the myriad of parameters involved in the asphalt operations, designing a training scenario based on pure modeling is very challenging. This research proposes an approach for developing a training simulator based on the data collected from actual asphalt operations. The collected data will be analyzed and translated into a training simulator that can better capture the interaction between various operators of asphalt operations. A prototype is developed and a case study is conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. It is shown that actual data can be used to effectively generate realistic training scenarios

Evaluation of the effect of crocetin on antitumor activity of doxorubicin encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles

Objective(s): The current study reports investigation of codelivery by PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with crocetin (Cro), a natural carotenoid dicarboxylicHYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboxylic_acid” acid that is found in the crocus flower, and Doxorubicin (DOX). Materials and Methods: Double emulsion/solvent evaporation method was used for preparation of PLGA nanoparticles containing Dox and Cro. Characterizations of prepared NPs were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering analysis. In vitro Cytotoxicity of DOX and Cro loaded PLGA NPs (PLGA-DOX-Cro) on MCF-7 cell line was evaluated using MTT test. Flow cytometry experiments were implemented to distinguish cells undergoing apoptosis from those undergoing necrosis. Furthermore the expression of caspase 3 was examined by western blot analysis. Results: The prepared formulations had size of 150- 300 nm. Furthermore, PLGA-DOX-Cro nanoparticles inhibited MCF-7 tumor cells growth more efficiently than either DOX or Cro alone at the same concentrations, as quantified by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Studies on cellular uptake of DOX-Cro-NPs demonstrated that NPs were effectively taken up by MCF-7 tumor cells. Conclusion: This study suggested that DOX-Cro-NPs may have promising applications in breast cancer therapy