Prospective Epidemiological Study in Collegiate Rodeo Athletes

Collegiate rodeo athletes sustain numerous injuries throughout competition and there is not much research and data collected on the epidemiology of injuries regarding these individuals. It was stated in one article that 89 percent of rodeo athletes face the potential for any type of injury per season. Having an athletic trainer for collegiate rodeo teams could significantly impact the prevention and care of their injuries during the 10-rodeo season. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to better determine injury rates for both rough stock and timed collegiate rodeo events at the collegiate level. METHODS: Students will complete weekly online surveys sent via email to answer questions about injuries that occur during that week at practice and competition. The survey will include questions about body part injured, if it was a reinjury, and when it occurred. RESULTS: About 40% of the 102 athletes participated in the 5 self-reporting surveys sent out via email. A total of 9 injuries were reported for 5 rodeos (half-season). Seven of the 9 injuries reported were within the first 2 weeks. Two injuries reported in team roping, 3 reported in goat tying, 3 reported in steer wrestling, and 1 reported in barrel racing. Of these injuries, 3 were reported as being diagnosed by an athletic trainer. CONCLUSION: Research suggests that if the entire 102 athletes would have completed the survey there was a possibility of 22.5 total injuries for one semester. The injury reports for the first 2 weeks suggests that athletes may not have practiced or worked out in preparation prior to rodeos starting. The results relied heavily on student athletes self-reporting and this might have impacted those results

Pilot Study: Validity of the Sway Application with Multiple Mobile Devices

The Sway Application is used to test for concussions inactive populations. Many studies have been conducted using the application testing validity and reliability, but most have used an iPhone or another Apple product. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to analyze the validity of multiple mobile devices using the Sway Medical Application compared to the Biodex Balance System. This study is aimed to test if this application balance component is inclusive to four mobile devices, such as the iPad, iPhone, Android phone, Android Tablet. METHODS: 10 healthy college-age students (4 males, 6 females) from a rural public university volunteered. Two participants were excluded from the data. One participant had a lower-body injury and the other participant was excluded from the study due to missing data. Participates concurrently used the Sway application balance component on the Biodex with four different devices: iPhone, iPad, Android phone, Android tablet. Each participant performed 5 balance tests; double leg, Tandem left, Tandem right, single-leg left and single-leg right. Only participant’s tandem and single leg stances on their non-dominate foot are presented in this pilot study. RESULTS: In this pilot study, only one device (iPhone) and stance (tandem) showed a strong correlation (0.892) The iPad had the most consistency between the stances (Single leg correlation 0.657; Tandem correlation 0.616) CONCLUSION: In conclusion, more data is needed to get a better understanding of the correlation. The device size could impact the data. In the continuation of the study, data will be collected with more attention to participant placement and removing the side grip bars on the Biodex to better replicate a field assessment with the application

The APOE paradox: how do attentional control differences in mid-adulthood reflect risk of late-life cognitive decline

Possession of an APOE e4 allele is an established risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, while the less commonly studied e2 variant is premised to offer some protection. This research explores the purported deleterious-protective dichotomy of APOE variants on attentional control in mid-adulthood. 66 volunteers, aged 45-55 years, completed three tasks that provided complementary measures of attentional control: prospective memory, sustained attention and inhibition. Performance was compared between e2 carriers, e4 carriers and e3 homozygotes (the population norm). Carriers of the e4 allele showed subtle disadvantages, compared to the e3 group, in accuracy of Stroop task and prospective memory performance. Contrary to expectations, e2 carriers showed performance disadvantages in sustained attention. The finding of detrimental effects in attentional control for both e4 and e2 complicates the current model that proposes opposing effects of these variants on later-life cognition. Future research is needed to understand how cognitive differences develop with increasing age, and the physiological mechanisms that underpin these changes

Bilateral Avulsion Fracture

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The elusive nature of APOE ε4 in mid-adulthood: understanding the cognitive profile

Objectives: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is an established risk factor for dementia, yet this genetic variant is associated with a mixed cognitive profile across the lifespan. This study undertakes both a systematic and meta-analytic review of research investigating APOE-related differences in cognition in mid-adulthood, when detrimental effects of the allele may first be detectable. Methods: Thirty-six papers investigating the behavioral effects of APOE ε4 in mid-adulthood (defined as a mean sample age between 35 and 60 years) were reviewed. In addition, the effect of carrying an ε4 allele on individual cognitive domains was assessed in separate meta-analyses. Results: The average effect size of APOE ε4 status was non-significant across cognitive domains. Further consideration of genotype effects indicates preclinical effects of APOE ε4 may be observable in memory and executive functioning. Conclusions: The cognitive profile of APOE ε4 carriers at mid-age remains elusive. Although there is support for comparable performance by ε4 and non-e4 carriers in the 5th decade, studies administering sensitive cognitive paradigms indicate a more nuanced profile of cognitive differences. Methodological issues in this field preclude strong conclusions, which future research must address, as well as considering the influence of further vulnerability factors on genotype effects

EXAMINING SHAME FROM A RELATIONAL-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE

Previous studies have examined the construct of shame, but little research has been conducted to explore its relation to some of the underlying assumptions of Relational Cultural Theory. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between internalized shame and connectedness, with empowerment as a mediating variable. The hypothesis that connectedness would be significantly related to internalized shame was supported in this study; however, empowerment was not found to have a mediating influence. An alternative model of these relations subsequently was examined. Collectively, these results seem to point to the need for more complex conceptualizations of the relationships among these important variables. This research contributes to our understanding of how shame impacts the lives of women and the exploration of assumptions central to Relational Cultural Theory

Utahns are Becoming More Likely to Say Human-Caused Climate Change is Happening

Scientists who study the earth’s climate overwhelmingly agree that human activities are causing rapid change1 . Most Americans also agree that global warming is happening (74%) and caused by humans (61%)2 . However, the same research finds that about one in eight (12%) of Americans do not think global warming is happening. This indicates that despite scientific consensus, some Americans remain skeptical about whether climate change is real and if humans are the cause

Chinqua-Penn Plantation : a permanent, practical house

This thesis examines Chinqua-Penn Plantation, a 1920s mansion located in the Piedmont of North Carolina. Once a private residence to Thomas Jefferson Penn and his wife, Beatrice Schoellkopf Penn, the home was donated to the State of North Carolina in the 1960s and was used as a historic house museum. After years of financial struggle caring for the house, the state chose to close the museum. The mansion, its outbuildings, and collection of decorative arts are now for sale. Most previous treatments of Chinqua-Penn have formed upon curiosity and wonder at its unique exterior and eclectic furnishings. This thesis presents the home as a historic text from which information and insight may be gleaned. It progresses through examination of exterior architecture, floor plan, interior décor, and grounds. In each chapter, the house is compared to others from a similar time period. This text presents a new system of classification for the spaces utilized within this domestic structure. It had previously been the norm to place areas of homes and their grounds within the categories of ?public? and ?private.? Chinqua-Penn contains myriad spaces used by owners, guests, and servants. The terms ?civic,? ?personal,? and ?support? are used in this discussion to better relate the meaning of these areas for their occupants. Of particular interest is the desire of the Penns to create a permanent home that was different from others. On the surface, the estate appears unique in its design and interior furnishings. Upon close inspection, it becomes clear that Chinqua-Penn has more in common with contemporary mansions than differences in its materials, separation of spaces, and décor