Modeling and design of matching-critical circuits

Existing approaches for modeling mismatch effects in matching-critical circuits are based upon models derived under the widely accepted premise that distributed parameter devices can be modeled with lumped parameter models. It is shown in this dissertation that the lumped parameter models do not consistently reflect device performance and introduce substantial errors in matching-critical circuits if either systematic or random parameter variations occur in the channel. A new approach for characterizing the effects of both systematic and random variations in semiconductor device properties on device matching is introduced. This approach circumvents the introduction of model errors inherent in the existing approaches. A CAD tool, MOSGRAD, was developed to simulate the effects of distributed two-dimensional systematic and random variations in device parameters on the performance of matching-critical circuits. The tool is capable of predicting the performance of non-conventional circuit structures in which multiple drain and/or source regions that may or may not be rectangular and/or multiply segmented. Through the use of the tool, new current mirror layout strategies have been developed that exhibit reduced sensitivity to matching in the presence of linear parameter gradients

Mean-reverting behavior of consumption-income ratio in OECD countries: evidence from SURADF panel unit root tests

This paper examines the existence of the mean-reverting behavior of the consumption-income ratio from a panel of 24 OECD countries through the application of the series-specific SURADF panel unit root test. The results show that the consumption-income ratios in 22 OECD countries exhibit mean-reverting behavior. Furthermore, the half-life of the consumption-income ratio for these 22 OECD countries is between 0.28 to 3.48 years. This implies that policy shocks in industrialized economies are not likely to have permanent effects on the consumption-income ratio.Mean reversion; Consumption-income ratio; SURADF; Half-life