The heritability of attained growth in the human face

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/32722/1/0000090.pd

Characteristics of individuals and long term reproducibility of dietary reports: The Tecumseh diet methodology study

Food frequency reports in 1967-1969 were compared to frequency reports of the same foods asked retrospectively in 1982-1983 about 1967-1969 for 1184 respondents aged 45-64 years in the Tecumseh Community Health Study. The kappa statistic for concordance of the retrospective and baseline reports was used as a summary measure of the individual's ability to reproduce his or her earlier diet report. Reproducibility was estimated for total diet, represented by 83 foods, and for 9 subsets of foods of epidemiologic interest. In bivariate and multivariate analyses, reproducibility was strongly related to stability of diet; those whose diets changed least over the 15-year period had greatest diet reproducibility. Greater total diet reproducibility was also found among men with higher education, among women of < 110% desirable weight reporting no special diet and among women reporting no medications. Consistent with current models of memory, the retrospective report of diet was strongly related to the current report of diet. Agreement between the retrospective and baseline diet reports was greater than agreement between the current and baseline diet reports. This indicates that, as a proxy for past diet, the retrospective report of diet is superior to the current report. Similar relationships were found for the 9 subset of foods.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/28941/1/0000778.pd

Prevalence of radiologically defined osteoarthritis in the finger and wrist joints of adult residents of Tecumseh, Michigan, 1962-65

Radiographs of the fingers and wrists of adult participants in the Tecumseh Community Health Study in 1962-1965 were examined for signs of osteoarthritis (OA). The severity of OA for each of 32 joints of the fingers and wrists was recorded for each individual. Attention was restricted to the 3035 participants who were 32 years of age or older and for whom a diagnosis of OA was available for each of 32 joints. Joint-specific prevalence rates of OA increased sharply with age for both sexes, and at the older ages, the prevalence rates for most joints were higher for females. Older individuals with OA also had a greater number of affected joints, with females having a greater number of affected joints than males. Of those individuals aged 44 years or younger, only 6.2% had one or more joints affected with OA. The percentages were 21.6 and 42.0% for those aged 45-59 years and 60 or more years, respectively. The distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints were the most frequently affected joints in all age categories for both sexes and OA in the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints was positively associated with OA in the DIP joints. However, controlling for the number of affected DIP joints, the PIP joints of older subjects were more likely to exhibit OA than the PIP joints of younger subjects. Though there is an association between OA in the DIP and PIP joints, there was only a small, nonsignificant association (OR= 1.24, 95% CI=0.83, 1.84) between disease in the DIP and PIP joints of the same finger.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/27568/1/0000612.pd

Early life social incongruities, health risk factors and chronic disease

This study tested specific hypotheses concerned with the relationships between three early life stress variables occurring between 0 and 16 yr of age and a variety of adult health status measures ascertained some 20-60 yr later in a 40% sample of the Tecumseh Community Health Study population 35-69 yr of age. The hypotheses stated that each of the following characteristics, relatively greater residential geographic mobility during childhood, being deprived of one or both natural parents for one or more years during this early formative period, and experiencing parental status incongruence, would be associated with higher levels of nine risk factors, greater prevalence of five chronic diseases, and a greater rate of mortality. The risk factors were systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose level, serum cholesterol, serum uric acid, the F.E.V.1.0 measure of lung function; adiposity, number of cigarettes smoked currently, and amount of alcohol consumed currently. The chronic conditions were CHD, hypertension, diabetes, chronic bronchitis and asthma. Also measured were the aggregation of these chronic conditions and whether or not the respondents ever smoked cigarettes or drank alcohol.Five mobility measures and an index were developed. As predicted, in general, significant relationships were found among women between the five separate mobility variables and the health measures. Specifically, all five separate measures of mobility were related to CHD among older women, and most were related to cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption among all women. Various of the five mobility measures were related to various other specific health measures. In general, mobility was not related to the health measures studied among men. The hypotheses concerning parental deprivation and parental status incongruency were not substantiated by the data.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/22946/1/0000513.pd

Residential mobility and urban-rural residence within life stages related to health risk and chronic disease in Tecumseh, Michigan

Residential history, diagnosis of three chronic diseases, five clinical measurements and histories of smoking and drinking were obtained from a sample of 615 women and 529 men, aged 35-69, randomly selected from respondents of the Tecumseh Community Health Study. Two measures of residential mobility and one of urban-rural residence, during early life stages and over the entire lifetime, were related to subsequent adult health traits. Greater residential mobility, particularly in childhood but also in later life, was significantly associated with greater prevalence of hypertension and higher mean diastolic blood pressure in older persons. Greater duration of urban residence was associated with greater prevalence of chronic bronchitis. Both residential traits were associated with greater prevalence of CHD, and with behavior patterns, namely cigarette smoking and drinking, that are risk factors for certain chronic diseases.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/24112/1/0000369.pd

Muscular Strength and Body Size

Upper arm strength, right and left grip strength, and several anthropometric measures were recorded during a comprehensive medical examination in an epidemiological study in Tecumseh, Michigan. In the present analysis the relationship between muscular strength and body size was determined to facilitate comparisons of strength among individuals irrespective of differences in size, and more generally to derive sex, age and size specific standards for evaluating results of strength tests. Preliminary regressions of arm strength and summed grip strength on age and twelve size variables were performed. Most of the explained variation in strength variables was accounted for by five size variables, height, weight, biacromial diameter, arm girth, and triceps skinfold thickness. A canonical analysis was performed on the three strength variables and the five selected size variables, age and sex specific. After comparison of the relative weighting of strength variables in the subgroups, the unweighted sum of strength measures was adopted as a strength index. The regressions of the index on the five size variables provide age, sex and size specific means for use as a standard. Comparison of the multiple correlation coefficients from the regressions with the corresponding canonical correlation coefficients indicates the nearly optimal character of the index

Comparison of surrogate and subject reports of dietary practices, smoking habits and weight among married couples in the tecumseh diet methodology study

Agreement between surrogate and subject reports of current food frequencies and other eating habits, smoking behavior and weight was assessed in 1982-1983 for 180 husbands and wives, aged 45 through 64 years. Agreement was measured by per cent exact agreement and weighted kappa for frequencies of 30 itemized foods or food groups, and for surrogate- and subject-based quintiles of frequencies of eight broad food groups and of vitamin A and C consumption indexes. Surrogate and subject mean frequencies were generally similar, but at the individual level of analysis, agreement varied widely. Agreement was greatest, among the food items and groups, for alcoholic beverages, and among the other items, for smoking status. Extreme misclassification by quintile was very small, but only 40% of persons self-classified in either extreme quintile were similarly classified by their spouses. This level of misclassification may result in the dilution of real relationships between diet and health.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/28187/1/0000639.pd