Hip Surgery in Cerebral Palsy

Hip pathology is one of the main orthopedic concerns in cerebral palsy (CP) patients. It has been demonstrated that correctly applied hip screening programs could significantly diminish the incidence of hip pathology. Unfortunately, in several countries, hip dislocation is significantly prevalent and is still a major concern in these patients. Depending on the age, the disability grade, the rehabilitation support, and the surgical strategies, results of hip treatment are variable. The ideal outcome of a stable, reduced, and long-lasting pain-free hip are not always achieved. In this chapter, we discuss theoretical and practical strategies used to treat specific CP hip dislocation. In younger children, simple femoral reorientation procedures (tenotomies with or without femoral osteotomies) promote correct acetabular remodeling. Later, surgical hip reduction can be an option even in late adolescents, and the use of capsuloplasty can lead to greater hip stability, in spite of eventual pelvis obliquity caused by associated spine pathology. Several technical tips for hip surgery are presented. It is essential that patients with CP hip problems receive proper follow-up, including rehabilitation medicine, physiotherapy, anti-spastic medication, on-time orthosis availability, and real teamwork concerned with this kind of pathology

Do imobilismo ao retorno do engajamento assertivo : a política de comércio exterior dos governos Obama (2009 – 2017) e suas implicações para o regime internacional de comércio

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Relações Internacionais, 2017.Texto parcialmente liberado pelo autor. Conteúdo liberado: resumos e introdução.Esta dissertação analisa a política de comércio exterior que foi concebida ao longo dos dois governos de Barack Obama (2009 – 2017) na Presidência dos Estados Unidos, com o objetivo de revelar suas potenciais implicações para o regime internacional de comércio. No curso desses oito anos, busca-se explicar o processo histórico que fez com que os Estados Unidos transitassem do imobilismo a um engajamento mais assertivo no que se refere à inserção internacional pela via do comércio. Ademais, faz-se uso do enfoque analítico-metodológico que Susan Strange desenvolve na obra States and markets, a fim de melhor elucidar os objetivos estratégicos, para além da liberalização comercial, que estão associados à escolha dos mega acordos regionais como os principais instrumentos da política de comércio exterior do governo democrata. De acordo com a hipótese central deste estudo, por intermédio dessa política, os Estados Unidos promoveriam modificações no arcabouço normativo do sistema multilateral de comércio, submetendo o atual regime internacional que disciplina as trocas comerciais entre os países a significativas transformações.This dissertation analyses the foreign trade policy conceived throughout the Obama administration (2009 – 2017) with the purpose of revealing the policy´s potential implications for the international trade regime. The aim of this study is to explain the historical process that led the United States to move from immobilism to a more assertive engagement during these eight years, with regard to its international insertion through trade. Moreover, the analytical-methodological approach that Susan Strange presents in States and markets is here employed to better clarify strategic objectives beyond trade liberalization, which are associated with the preference for mega-regional agreements as the main tools of the Democratic administration’s foreign trade policy. According to the central hypothesis of this study, by adopting that trade policy, the United States would bring about changes in the normative framework of the multilateral trade system, further subjecting the current international regime that regulates trade between countries to significant transformations

Perplejidades y dudas de la regulación de los medios de comunicación en Europa -Perplexities and deadlocks of media regulation in Europe

A regulação dos media tem ganho relevo nas agendas nacionais e internacionais mas nem sempre a utilização corrente do conceito é consistente, correndo o risco de significar tudo e nada em simultâneo. Independentemente do intenso e profícuo debate concetual que o tema suscita na comunidade académica, julgamos pertinente o estudo das estruturas de regulação mediática que operam no terreno da União Europeia. Este trabalho reflete sobre as entidades de regulação mediática que atuam na defesa do interesse público, ainda que existam as mais diversas modalidades de enunciação e de defesa desse interesse pelos vários estados, e decorre de um esforço de investigação coletivo, enquadrado no projeto “Regulação dos Media em Portugal: O Caso da ERC”, que agregou elementos sobre os organismos reguladores dos media na Europa.La regulación de los medios de comunicación ha ganado importancia en las agendas nacionales e internacionales, pero no siempre el uso actual del concepto es consistente con el riesgo de decir todo y nada al mismo tiempo. Independientemente de intenso y fructífero debate conceptual que la cuestión plantea en la comunidad académica, creemos relevante estudiar las estructuras de regulación de medios que actualmente operan en la Unión Europea. Este trabajo reflexiona sobre las entidades regulación mediática que actúan en el interés público, aunque hay muchos modos diferentes de articulación y defensa de ese interés en los diferentes estados, y es el resultado de un esfuerzo colectivo de investigación, enmarcado en el proyecto “Regulación de los Medios en Portugal: el caso de la ERC”, que añadió datos sobre los reguladores en Europa.At a time when media regulation and of other sectors is high on agendas, it appears that the current use of the concept is so diverse that regulation risks itself to mean everything and nothing simultaneously. Regardless of the intense conceptual debate in the academia, we believe it is of the utmost pertinence to specifically study media regulatory bodies currently in functions in the field of the European Union. This work focuses on state media regulation through the analysis of media regulatory bodies acting upon the public interest in spite of the existing different forms of articulation and defense of this interest used by states. It results from a collective research effort within the project “Media Regulation in Portugal: The ERC’s Case”, which systematically gathered empirical data about media regulators in Europe.Projeto de investigação “Regulação dos Media em Portugal: O Caso da ERC”, financiado pela FCT, com referência PTDC/CCI-COM/104634/200

Spectroscopy studies on conservation issues in modern and contemporary paintings

Dissertation presented to the Faculty of Sciences and Technology of New University of Lisbon in fulfilment of the requirements for the Master’s degree in Conservation and Restoration Specialization in easel paintingModern and contemporary paintings are one of today’s grand challenges in conservation of cultural heritage. Particularly, these paintings have often been retouched using materials rather similar to originals, thus, compromising the reversibility of the overpainting. In this work, FTIR and Raman spectroscopies, assisted by optical microscopy, were used to evaluate the effectiveness and harmfulness of chemical and laser cleaning methods for the removal of overpaints. Representative mock-ups prepared with commercial paint formulations were used. The laser cleaning experiment was part of an interdisciplinary study which aims the evaluation of method’s limitations by using the most aggressive cleaning parameters. The combined use of FTIR and Raman spectroscopies could identify constituent materials of modern paints, controlling their behaviour under cleaning, while optical microscopy allowed the evaluation on surface morphology. In addition, equivalent portable equipments from MOLAB were covered as a preparation for in situ analysis. Several problems in the selective removal of overpaints were found with chemical cleaning. The laser cleaning showed better efficiency in removing them, although, some alterations occurred upon laser irradiation, for instance, binder degradation with carbon formation and titanium white alteration. The proposed spectroscopic protocol was considered useful for controlling different cleaning methods in modern and contemporary paintings