Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Tanah di Hutan Sekitar Danau Kalimpa’a, Kawasan Taman Nasional Lore Lindu, Sulawesi Tengah

Taman Nasional Lore Lindu Sulawesi Tengah memiliki produktivitas serasah yang tinggi, sehingga sangat bergantung pada keberadaan mikroorganisme tanah untuk mendekomposisinya menjadi unsur hara yang dimanfaatkan oleh tumbuhan. Kondisi hutan primer yang masih alami dapat mendukung pertumbuhan dan keanekaragaman mikroorganisme tanah terutama bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis bakteri tanah di hutan sekitar Danau Kalimpa’a kawasan Taman Nasional Lore Lindu. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober sampai Desember 2016 di Laboratorium Bioteknologi Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Universitas Tadulako. Bakteri diisolasi dari sampel tanah rizosfir yang diambil secara random di beberapa area kecil, menggunakan metode enrichment dan spread plate untuk memperoleh isolat. Isolat dimurnikan dengan metode streak plate kemudian diindentifikasi berdasarkan uji mikrobiologis dan uji biokimiawi. Dari sampel tanah hutan di sekitar Danau Kalimpa’a Kawasan Taman Nasional Lore Lindu berhasil diisolasi 5 bakteri isolat terpilih dengan kode isolat DKL 1, DKL 2, DKL 3, DKL 4 dan DKL 5. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi secara fenotipik, isolat terpilih merupakan anggota kelompok bakteri Gram negatif dengan bentuk sel coccus dan bacil, ada yang bersifat motil dan non motil, serta mampu menggunakan karbohidrat sebagai sumber energinya melalui proses fermentas

UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK DAUN TUMBUHAN Harrisonia perforata (BLANCO) MERR. TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus

Research of inhibition test from the leaves extract of Harrisonia perforata (Blanco) Merr. on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus was carried out in February and March 2015. This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of the leaves extracts from H. perforata (Blanco) Merr. for inhibiting the bacterial growth. The extraction used maceration methods and the inhibition assay from the extracts for S. aureus used wells diffusion method. The treatment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 3 replications. Concentration for this treatment leaves extract were 10%, 25%, 40%, and 65%, amoxicillin 2% as a positive control and NA-CMC 1% as a negative control. The results showed that the concentration leaves extract of 65% formed the highest in inhibition zone, which was 19,3 mm. It means that the leaves extract of H. perforata (Blanco) Merr. was better to inhibit the bacterial growth.   Keywords : Leaves extract, Harrisonia perforata (Blanco) Merr., Staphylococcus aureus

FORMULASI MEDIA INOKULUM JAMUR TIRAM PUTIH ( Pleurotus ostreatus) DALAM BENTUK SEDIAAN TEPUNG

the study about the formulation of  inoculum a white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on flour. was conducted at Biotechnology laboratory of  Departement , Faculty of  Mathematic and Natural Science, Tadulako University. This study were aimed to oyster mushroom on production. on and to abridge the cycle of oyster mushroom production process of white.peplication used Compeletely Randomized  Design (CRD) consist of six treatments and tree by comparing between  (sawduts,rice,bran, and comflour) P1(50% : 27% : 23% , P2 (50% : 30% : 20%), P3 (50% : 33% : 17%), P4 (50% : 36% : 14% ), P5 (50% : 39% : 11%), P6 (50% : 42% : 8%). There are four parameters used in this study (1) .The growth of  white oyster mushroom inoculum (2) the  incubation  time. and, (3) coloni forming unit (CFU), (4) Viability test .The resulth  showed that the best growth mycelium was 1,3cm/days with incubation period was 26 days, the highest total of CFU in P5 was 12,7x 108 CFU/ml and was in  P3 was 3,3 x 108 CFU/ml .The inoculum viability test of production media in P5, was faster in incubation period is 18 days

The Growth Of White Oyster Mushroom Mycelium (Pleurotus ostreatus) (Jacq) (P. Kumm) From Liquid And Solid Inoculum

The study about  the growth of white oyster mushroom mycelium (Pleurotus ostreatus) (Jacq) (P. Kumm) from liquid and solid inoculum conducted on January until July 2018 in Biotechnology laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Math and Science, Tadulako University. This study was aimed to find out the mycelium growth of source of stem inoculum and hood in liquid and solid media. This study was designed by Complete Randomized Design (CRD) which consisted of four treatments and five replications. The treatment were M1 (source of stem inoculum in liquid medium), M2 (source of stem inoculum in solid medium), M3 (source of hood inoculum in liquid medium), and M4 (source of hood inoculum in solid medium). The parameters were (a) incubation time till mycelium fills medium, (b) CFU, and (c) the viability of inoculum on producing medium. The result showed that the faster incubation were M1 and M3 (for 2 days, higher CFU was M3 with an average number 8,2 x 10 10 CFU /ml. The faster viability of mycelium growth were M3 with an average growth of mycelium 6,97 cm/days

Formulasi Substrat Dasar Kotoran Sapi dan Limbah Cair Tempe dengan menggunakan Inokulum Rumen Sapi Untuk Studi Awal Produksi Biogas

The research of “Biogas Production by Utilizing of Basic Substrate of  Fermented Liquid waste of tempeh and Cow Waste by Using Inoculum from Cow Rumen” for the basic study of biogas production was held on May until July 2016 at department Biology Laboratory unit Biotechnology, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, University of Tadulako. The purposed of this research is to produce biogas by utilizing the basic of liguid waste of tempeh and cow waste, and also to know the concentration of using the rumen inoculum of cow rumen. This research is designed with completely randomized design which consists of six treatment with three repeating. the basic substance are composed of 500 grams of cow dung and 500 ml of liquid waste tempe.The composition of treatment is : ( P0 100% Basic Substrate Without inoculum),  ( P1 80% Basic Substrate + 20% inoculums) ,(P2 60% Basic Substrate + 40% inoculums), (P3 40% Basic Substrate + 60% inoculums) , (P3 20% Basic Substrate + 80% inoculums), (P5 100% inoculum Without basic substrate). Observation variable are consist of biogas volume measuring, pH measuring, light test and temperature measuring. anaerobic fermentation process is carried out in a culture bottle with a volume of 1000 ml bottle mouth top covered with a balloon for gas storage. The results of this research show that Biogas could be produced by using the basic substrate of fermented liguid waste of tempeh and cow waste with the inoculum from cow rumen, at, P2, P3, dan P4 treatment. The highest volume of gas in P2 treatment (60% Basic Substrate : 40% inoculum) which has 553,33 cm3. The pH which in the culture is about 6,33-6,46 and the result flame with temperature in 152ºC

UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK DAUN LALUMPA (Melastoma malabathricum L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Vibrio cholerae dan Staphylococcus aureus

Vibrio cholera and Staphylococcus aureus are a gram negative and a gram positive bacteria respectively. Both of them can cause diseaces in human. They have differences in their cell wall composition. Differences in both bacteria in the resistance to antibacterial compounds interesting to learn. The aim of this study was to observe inhibition of Melastoma malabathricum leave extract to the growth of V. Cholera and S. aureus. The study was conducted with Completely Randomized Design. The treatment was tested with 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% of leave extract concentration. Amoxicillin 2% and Na-CMC 1% were also treated as positif and negative control. Each treatments was repeated three times. Extract was obtained by maceration method. Extract was injected on bacterial growth medium by well diffusion method. The result showed that increasing extract concentration increased inhibition of growth to both bacteria. V. cholera tended to be more resistant than S. aureus

Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hutan (Piper aduncum L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus mutans

The research about inhibition test of leaf extract of Piper aduncum L. to the growth of bacteria Streptococcus mutans have been conducted during periods of July to December 2016, on aim of this research was to study the inhibition test from leaf extract of P. aduncum L. the growth of the bacteria S. mutans and the amount of compound contained in the leaf of P. aduncum L. The extraction method  was used is maseration method and testing of the inhibition of the extract to the bacteria S. mutans by disc diffusion method. This research is compiled in a completely randomized designed (CRD) with 6 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were leaf extract concentration 30%, 45%, 60%, 75%, antibiotic Tetracycline hydrochloride 5% as the positive control and negatif control aquades. The results showed that the concentrations  of leaf extract 75% produced the greatest inhibition zone is 13,1 mm. this indicates tha the leaf extract of P. aduncum L. have inhibitory better.  Phytochemical screening results showed that there were compound flavonoid, tannin, saponin and alkaloid that can inhibit the growth of bacteria

UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK DAUN BANDOTAN (Ageratum conyzoides L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus

Ageratum conyzoides L. is commonly known as weed species however leaf from this plant is used as traditional medicine for wound and skin infection. Furthermore it is important to test A. conyzoides L. leaves extract can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria which is causing infection disease. The content of this leaf which can inhibit bacterial growth is also obeserved. The study was conducted by growing S. aureus bacteria on nutrient agar (NA) and then a number of leave extract from A. conyzoides leaves (7.5, 15.0, 35 and 50%) were injected to NA by well diffusion method. Amoxicillin 0,6% and DMSO 1% were also injected as positve control and negative control respectively. Inhibition zone was measured based on diameter formed. The results showed that increasing leaves extract increased inhibition of S. aureus growth however 50% leave extract inhibited S. aureus growth less than Amoxicilin 0,6%.A. conyzoides leaf can inhibit S. aureus growth may be caused by terpenoid, fenol, saponin and alkaloid on its content

UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK BATANG Harrisonia perforata (Blanco) MERR. TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Streptococcus mutans

The research about inhibition test of stem extract of Harrisonia perforata (Blanco) Merr. to the growth of Streptococcus mutans had conducted diving period of February to March 2015. The aim of this research was to study the inhibition test from stem extract plant of H. perforata (Blanco) Merr. on the bactery studied. The extraction was used reflux method.The experiment was arrenged in Completely Randomized Designed (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 repititions. The treatments were stem extract concentrates 40%, 50% and 60%, positive control Tetrasiklin hidroklorida 2% and negative control Na-CMC 1%. The result showed that stem extract of H. perforata (Blanco) Merr. had inhibition effect to the growth of bacteria. The extract concentrations 60% produced the biggest inhibition zone for S. mutans 21,4 mm than other concentrations.   Keyword :  Stem extract of Harrisonia perforata (Blanco) Merr., Streptococcus mutans

Karakterisasi Selulase Asal Bakteri Tanah Danau Kalimpa’a Sulawesi Tengah

Selulase adalah enzim yang dapat dihasilkan oleh bakteri selulolitik, memiliki kemampuan dalam menguraikan selulosa menjadi monomer yang lebih sederhana di alam. Danau Kalimpa’a yang merupakan kawasan Taman Nasional Lore Lindu Sulawesi Tengah memiliki produktivitas seresah yang tinggi, sehingga sangat bergantung pada keberadaan mikroorganisme tanah termasuk bakteri selulolitik sebagai dekomposer. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan isolasi dan karakterisasi enzim endogenous. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan deskripsi aktivitas enzim dipaparkan secara kuantitatif. Karakterisasi selulase ditentukan dengan menguji aktivitas enzim pada variasi suhu (30°C, 40°C, dan 50°C) dan variasi pH (5.0; 6.0; 7.0; dan 8.0). Hasil isolasi bakteri diperoleh 5 isolat terbaik (K1, K2, K3, K4 dan K5) yang memiliki kemampuan dalam mendegradasi selulosa. Secara kualitatif, isolat K4 dapat mendegradasi selulosa lebih cepat dibanding isolat lain berdasarkan pembentukan zona bening dengan Indeks Aktivitas Selulase (IAS) sebesar 3,88 mm. Secara kuantitatif, aktivitas selulase ditentukan berdasarkan kadar gula reduksi yang dihasilkan menggunakan metode DNS (Di Nitro Salisilic Acid). Isolat K2 mampu menghasilkan enzim dengan aktivitas selulase tertinggi yaitu 0,30 U/ml dan aktivitas selulase terendah dihasilkan oleh isolat K1 yaitu 0,001 U/ml. Suhu dan pH optimum selulase adalah 40°C dan pH 6, yang menghasilkan aktivitas enzim sebesr 0,279 U/ml