Priprava i vrednovanje matriksnog agensa na bazi ispagule za kontrolirano oslobađanje

The objective of the present investigation was to prepare and evaluate an ispaghula husk based directly compressible (DC) adjuvant that can be used as matrixing agent using an agglomeration technique. Addition of hydroxylpropyl methylcellulose was found necessary to improve cohesion. Lactose (X1), calcium hydrogen phosphate diydrate (X2) and Avicel PH101 (X3), used along with ispaghula in preparation of agglomerates, were selected as three independent variables in a simplex lattice design affecting compressional and dissolution characteristics of the drug from the DC adjuvant. The agglomerates were evaluated for their flow properties. Tablets were prepared using 70% agglomerates and 30% acetaminophen, a poorly compressible drug, and were subjected to the in vitro drug release study. Amounts of the drug released at the end of 60 min (Y60), 300 min (Y300) and 480 min (Y480) were selected as dependent variables in a simplex lattice design. Batch IH05 that contained lactose and calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate in a 1:2 ratio could control the release for 12 hours and thus form the basis for twice-a-day dosing.Cilj rada bio je priprava i vrednovanje pomoćne tvari za izravnu kompresiju dobivene iz ljuski ispagule, primjenjive u izradi pripravaka metodom aglomeracije. Dodatak hidroksipropil metilceluloze bio je neophodan za povećanje kohezije. U pripravi aglomerata s ispagulom upotrebljeni su laktoza (X1), kalcijev hidrogenfosfat dihidrat (X2) i Avicel PH101 (X3). U eksperimentalnom dizajnu (simplex lattice design) te tri tvari izabrane su kao nezavisne varijable. Proučavan je njihov utjecaj na kompresibilnost i oslobađanje ljekovite tvari iz pripravka dobivenih izravnom kompresijom te svojstva tečnosti aglomerata. Tako dobiveni aglomerati upotrebljeni su za pripravu tableta teško kompresibilne tvari acetaminofena (omjer aglomerata i ljekovite tvari 7:3). Količine oslobođene tvari in vitro pri kraju 60 min (Y60), 300 min (Y300) i 480 min (Y480) bils su zavisne varijable. Iz pripravka IH05 koji sadrži laktozu i kalcijev hidrogenfosfat dihidrat u omjeru 1:2 kontrolirano se oslobađa ljekovita tvar tijekom 12 sati, što je dobar temelj za doziranje dva puta dnevno

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF NEW RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF LINEZOLID IN LINEZOLID GEL

Objective: Development and validation of new RP-HPLC method for the estimation of linezolid in linezolid gel.Methods: Linezolid was chromatographed on a reverse phase symmetry C18 column (150 x 4.6 mm x 3.5 µm) in a mobile phase consisting of potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 4.6 adjusted with 10% orthophosphoric acid) and methanol in the ratio of 55:45. The mobile phase was pumped at a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min with detection at 250 nm.Results: The retention time for Linezolid was found about 2.94 min. The detector response was linear in the concentration of 20 µg/ml to 160µg/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The percentage recovery of Linezolid at target concentration was found to be 97.8%. The limit of detection and limit of quantification was found to be 10 μg/ml and 5 μg/ml respectively. All other validation parameter were within acceptance criteria.Conclusion: The proposed method was found to be simple, fast, accurate, precise and reproducible and could be used for routine quality control analysis of Linezolid in Linezolid gel.Â

Intubation Practices and Adverse Peri-intubation Events in Critically Ill Patients from 29 Countries

Importance: Tracheal intubation is one of the most commonly performed and high-risk interventions in critically ill patients. Limited information is available on adverse peri-intubation events. Objective: To evaluate the incidence and nature of adverse peri-intubation events and to assess current practice of intubation in critically ill patients. Design, Setting, and Participants: The International Observational Study to Understand the Impact and Best Practices of Airway Management in Critically Ill Patients (INTUBE) study was an international, multicenter, prospective cohort study involving consecutive critically ill patients undergoing tracheal intubation in the intensive care units (ICUs), emergency departments, and wards, from October 1, 2018, to July 31, 2019 (August 28, 2019, was the final follow-up) in a convenience sample of 197 sites from 29 countries across 5 continents. Exposures: Tracheal intubation. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the incidence of major adverse peri-intubation events defined as at least 1 of the following events occurring within 30 minutes from the start of the intubation procedure: cardiovascular instability (either: systolic pressure <65 mm Hg at least once, <90 mm Hg for >30 minutes, new or increase need of vasopressors or fluid bolus >15 mL/kg), severe hypoxemia (peripheral oxygen saturation <80%) or cardiac arrest. The secondary outcomes included intensive care unit mortality. Results: Of 3659 patients screened, 2964 (median age, 63 years; interquartile range [IQR], 49-74 years; 62.6% men) from 197 sites across 5 continents were included. The main reason for intubation was respiratory failure in 52.3% of patients, followed by neurological impairment in 30.5%, and cardiovascular instability in 9.4%. Primary outcome data were available for all patients. Among the study patients, 45.2% experienced at least 1 major adverse peri-intubation event. The predominant event was cardiovascular instability, observed in 42.6% of all patients undergoing emergency intubation, followed by severe hypoxemia (9.3%) and cardiac arrest (3.1%). Overall ICU mortality was 32.8%. Conclusions and Relevance: In this observational study of intubation practices in critically ill patients from a convenience sample of 197 sites across 29 countries, major adverse peri-intubation events - in particular cardiovascular instability - were observed frequently